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    第十六屆結構工程研討會暨第六屆地震工程研討會於民國一一一年八月二十四日至二十六日於淡水將捷金鬱金香酒店舉辦，為新冠肺炎疫情後結構工程學會首次舉辦的實體大型研討會，共有508人參與，發表超過300 個兼具創新與實務的研究成果。除了研討會之外，更邀請產官學界專業人士共同舉辦兩場產學論壇，特別針對即將修訂與實施的新版規範進行交流與討論，學界亦在論壇上分享新型鋼結構與New RC 結構之相關研發成果及應用技術。

    經由第十六屆結構工程研討會暨第六屆地震工程研討會論文審查委員的討論與推薦，本期結構工程特刊收錄了研討會中鋼結構與鋼筋混凝土結構的最新研究成果數篇，包括「高強度鋼纖維混凝土開口剪力牆往復載重行為及垂直牆段評估計算研究」、「含摩擦阻尼器外伸臂桁架結構耐震性能研究」、「含鋼板阻尼器構架最佳化設計與軟體」、「使用高強度撓曲鋼筋之低軸壓鋼筋混凝土柱振動台試驗」及「應用非線性靜力側推分析訂定建築物樓板需求加速度之程序與驗證」。希冀藉由這些篇章的介紹，使讀者能更了解學界在鋼結構與鋼筋混凝土結構最新的研究成果與發展趨勢，讓臺灣在結構工程與地震工程的技術發展上日新月異。                                   

                                                                    國立臺灣科技大學營建工程系 邱建國 教 授
                                                                                                           陳沛清 副教授 謹誌
                                                                                                結構工程期刊 特刊客座主編
                                                                                                                    2023 年7 月

steel panel damper, moment resisting frame, seismic design, optimization, software development, web service.

Incorporating a steel panel damper (SPD) into a moment resisting frame (MRF) can increase the stiffness, strength, and energy dissipation ability of the MRF. This research improves the previous optimization algorithm by using Sequential Least Squares Programming (SLSQP) nonlinear programming algorithm. The chosen algorithm takes less than one second to complete the optimization.Time-efficient algorithm has helped the authors to implement an optimization software into a web service to users. This paper demonstrates the optimization of single-cruciform (SC) and double-cruciform (DC) types of SPDs-to-beam subassemblies. Each SC or DC type has “Basic Design (BD)” and “1.5 times stiffened Design (1.5KD)” In the BD, the optimal depth of SPD in SC type is around 700~1200mm, while around 500~800mm in DC type. The optimal beam depth of SC type is around 700~1100mm, while around 600~800mm in DC type. The DC type can save up to 300 mm less beam depth than the SC type for a strong SPD of 1500kN nominal shear strength. Comparing the BD with the 1.5KD for both the SC and DC type subassemblies, the top three largest increases of dimensions are web thickness of elastic joint (EJ), boundary beam depth and web thickness. Applying a gravity load effect ratio 𝜉, it’s found that one can consider a ratio of 𝜉 up to 0.15 to consider the gravity load effect in the optimization without much additional cost. In the case of an 8-meter boundary beam with an SPD location eccentricity of 0.2 times the beam span, the induced SPD axial force would exceed 0.15 times of compression yield capacity of the EJ segment. It is recommended that the eccentricity be limited to less than 0.2 times the beam span. In the cases when boundary beam sizes are specified first, it is found that the DC type designs are more efficient in increasing structural stiffness than the SC type designs for the SPD-MRFs with long-span beams.

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the seismic performance of damped-outrigger system incorporating friction dampers through numerical analysis and shaking table tests. A 9 m tall steel structure specimen was designed by scaling down a 20-story benchmark model. The specimen was equally divided into ten floors and the outrigger beams together with the friction dampers can be installed in different floors. The normal force in the friction damper is adjustable so that its energy performance can be modified during the test. The seismic response of the specimen was evaluated by performing response spectral analysis (RSA) using the OpenSees numerical model. The equivalent damping ratio was included in the RSA in order to evaluate the energy dissipation resulted from the friction dampers. Based on the RSA results, the specimen configurations when outrigger locates at the sixth (6F), eighth (8F), and roof floors (RF) and when the normal force in the friction damper varies between 5 kN, 10 kN, and 20 kN were tested by imposing five different ground motions with the peak ground acceleration of 0.64g. Both the RSA and test results indicated that the maximum roof drift of the specimen was around 0.7% 0.4%, and 0.3% rad., when the outrigger locates at the RF, 8F, and 6F, respectively. The greater normal force applied in the friction damper generally result in a greater amount of energy dissipation and a smaller roof drift response. Based on the experimental and numerical results, the optimal design of the damped-outrigger system incorporating friction dampers are demonstrated in this study.

隨著高層建築的需求逐漸提升，為縮減構件尺寸以降低結構體的自重並有效率地提高可使用空間，各國已發展出高強度混凝土，在台灣的New RC計畫也開始推廣高強度材料的使用，其主要針對混凝土抗壓強度(𝑓c′)70MPa以上、鋼筋降伏強度(𝑓y)685MPa以上之營建材料進行研究。然而，隨著混凝土材料強度之提升，其性質將逐漸轉為脆性，因此依照現今之規範需要在應力干擾區或斷面幾何不連續區(D區)如梁柱接頭等，配置大量之剪力箍筋來維持件之韌性及剪力強度，但密集的剪力箍筋將導致施工上綁紮困難、灌漿時混凝土工作性不佳而使混凝土構件品質降低。而添加鋼纖維於高強度混凝土之中能大幅增加剪力強度、延緩脆性破壞，由於鋼纖維之間的橋接效應能有效抑制裂縫寬度擴張，因此能大幅減少橫向箍筋的配置，解決施工上的問題。 

根據過去針對結構不連續區(D區)，如梁柱接頭與深梁等等進行試驗，結果顯示使用鋼纖維於高強度混凝土中可提高構件韌性與抗剪強度，因此已知使用鋼纖維混凝土於結構不連續區的效益。本研究針對同為結構不連續區域之構件的剪力牆，將執行4座高強度鋼纖維混凝土剪力牆實驗作探討，試驗參數包含開孔之有無、開孔型式、牆體鋼筋比、邊界柱箍筋量與開孔補強筋配置，欲透過試體強度變形行為和裂縫發展之觀察，釐清鋼纖維扮演的角色及其與橫向鋼筋互相搭配的效益，以修正預測模型並提供未來設計之參考。

With the gradual increase in the demand for high-rise buildings, countries all over the world have developed high-strength concrete in order to reduce the size of components to reduce the weight of the structure and increase the usable space efficiently. The New RC project in Taiwan has also begun to promote the use of high-strength materials. It mainly conducts research on construction materials with concrete compressive strength (𝑓c′) above 70MPa and steel yield strength ( 𝑓y ) above 685MPa. However, as the compressive strength of the concrete material increases, its properties will gradually become brittle. Therefore, according to the current code, it is necessary to deploy a large amount of shear reinforcements in the stress interference area or the geometric discontinuity zone (D zone) such as beam-column joints. Stirrups are used to maintain the toughness and shear strength of the parts, but dense shear stirrups cause difficulties in reinforcement assembling during construction, and poor workability of concrete during casting, which results in the poor quality of concrete components. Adding steel fibers to high-strength concrete can delay brittle failure. Since the bridging effect between steel fibers can effectively inhibit the expansion of crack width, it can greatly reduce the configuration of transverse stirrups and solve construction problems.

According to the past experiments on the structural discontinuity area (D area), such as beam-column joints and deep beams, etc., the results show that the use of steel fibers in high-strength concrete can improve the toughness and shear strength of components, so the benefits of steel fiber reinforced concrete in structural discontinuities is known. This study carried out 4 high-strength steel fiber reinforced concrete shear wall experiments as the shear walls that are also members of the structural discontinuity area. The test parameters include the presence or absence of openings, the type of openings, the ratio of steel bars in the wall, the amount of stirrups in the boundary columns, and the configuration of reinforcement bars in the openings. Through the observation of the strength and deformation behavior of the test body and the development of cracks, the role played by steel fibers and the benefits of collocation with transverse reinforcement will be clarified in order to revise the prediction model and provide reference for future design.