teacherteacher

網站管理小編

第十六屆台日結構暨橋梁工程研討會

作者:

一、旨揭研討會係由本院國家地震工程研究中心主辦，中興工程顧問有限公司、台灣省結構工程技師公會、桃園市結構工程技師公會協辦，講題包括：橋梁工程、結構工程以及未來結構與橋梁工程必須面對的防災和耐震工程等技術課題。會議邀請來自日本以京都大學及九州大學為主的交流代表團成員，以及國內學研與工程界多位專家學者，共同探討結構與橋梁有關耐震防災、設計評估、檢監測與維護管養課題以及結構工程與橋梁工程最新技術發展趨勢，議程如附件。

二、活動資訊:

(一)時間:
第一天: 113年11月04日(星期一) 上午09:00至下午05:30。
第二天: 113年11月05日(星期二) 上午09:00至中午12:00。

(二)地點: 國家地震工程研究中心101演講廳 (臺北市大安區辛亥路三段200號)。

(三)聯絡資訊: 吳振維 助理研究員，電話: 02-66300942，E-mail: jwwu@narlabs.org.tw。
三、本會議採線上報名，即日起開放報名，報名網址: https://conf.ncree.org.tw/indexCht.aspx?n=I11311040，報名人數上限100人 (免費，含茶敘、午餐和會議手冊，演講全程採英文進行，額滿為止，歡迎電洽或來信確認)，本研討會提供技師研習積點及公務人員終身學習時數認證，請於報名時登錄必要資訊。

附件: 附件_議程表_20241016

 

Vol.39/No.3 (153) (2024)

作者:

Vol.39/No.3 (153) (2024)

TitleDevelopment of Electromagnetic Variable Damping Seismic Isolation System
AuthorGing-Long Lin, Yi-Chun Huang, Ming-Bin Chang
Keywordselectromagnetic damping, variable damping, semi-active control, seismic isolation,
near-fault earthquake, shaking table test
AbstractThis study aims to develop an electromagnetic variable-damping seismic isolation system(EM-VDSIS), which incorporates a variable electromagnetic damper into a sliding isolation system. This allows the damping ratio of the EM-VDSIS to be a controllable parameter that can change in real-time according to a defined control law, enhancing the effectiveness of seismic isolation. The principle of the EM-VDSIS is first introduced in this study, and a mathematical model is constructed based on the mechanical behavior of the EM-VDSIS to derive its equations of motion and numerical simulation methods. Subsequently, numerical simulations are used to verify the variable damping function of the EM-VDSIS, with the potential to meet the seismic isolation requirements of both near-field and far-field ground motions. In terms of implementation, the EM-VDSIS (I) was first designed and manufactured, with a controllable resistance provided by an electronic load machine to alter the damping ratio of the isolation system. However, the electronic load machine fails to achieve ideal control of electromagnetic damping. Therefore, the EM-VDSIS (II) upgraded the power of the electromagnetic damper and used a mechanical variable resistor mechanism to provide controllable resistance values. The results of open-loop control with EM-VDSIS (II) using a shaking table demonstrate that the mechanical variable resistor mechanism can change the damping ratio of the isolation system in real-time according to control commands. Additionally, the theoretical analysis of the isolation system matches the experimental dynamic responses, confirming the accuracy of the theoretical model and related formulas in this study.
TitleSemi-Active Sloped Rolling-Type Isolators Based on Earthquake Early Warning Techniques
AuthorZi-Ting Chuang, Shieh-Kung Huang, Ting-Yu Hsu, Shiang-Jung Wang
Keywordsslope rolling-type seismic isolators, semi-active control, earthquake early warning, magnetorheological damper 
AbstractPassive rolling seismic isolators, once designed, manufactured, and installed on-site, have fixed parameters. They can effectively control the maximum acceleration response of the protected object within a certain range when subjected to typical far-field seismic waves, showing remarkable performance. However, when subjected to near-fault seismic waves with velocity pulses, their displacement response may exceed the limits, leading to collisions and damage to the protected object. Therefore, this study proposes the development of a semi-active rolling seismic isolator that integrates sloped rolling-type isolators (SRI) with magnetorheological dampers (MRDampers) and utilizes earthquake early warning technology. This research involves the development of a convolutional neural network (CNN) prediction model to estimate the peak ground velocity (PGV) based on the characteristics of the initial arriving wave. Additionally, control laws are established to determine the required voltage forthe MR Damper based on the predicted PGV. By measuring the initial wave arrival information, the system can predict the PGV using the CNN model and apply the control laws to obtain the required voltage for the MR Damper. This enables the adjusting the damping force of the rolling seismic isolator to prevent its displacement response from exceeding the limits during near-fault strong motions with velocity pulses. The feasibility of this proposed approach is verified through experimental tests of a SRI system. The experimental results demonstrate that this system effectively limits the displacement of SRI below the threshold value, validating the concept and feasibility of the proposed method.
Title Development and Performance Analysis of Seismic Isolation Bearings With Angled Viscous Damper
Author Chieh-Yu Liu, Chia-Ming Chang
Keywords seismic isolation, geometric nonlinearity, multiple performance objectives
Abstract Earthquakes pose a significant impact on machinery requiring high-precision manufacturing in advanced facilities. Meanwhile, severe earthquakes cause enormous economic losses and threaten lives. Base isolation is a popular method for controlling seismic impact, extensively employed to mitigate structural response and lessen seismic risk. However, certain studies suggest that base isolation could lead to excessive displacement during severe earthquakes. To enhance safety and functionality, supplemental damping is recommended to be integrated into the isolation system to mitigate large displacements. However, isolation parameters are typically designed for design-level earthquakes, resulting in increased absolute acceleration during small-to-moderate earthquakes and limited displacement control capacity during large earthquakes due to the lack of adaptability in damping. This study proposes an isolation system with geometrically nonlinear damping and first examines the dynamic characteristics. Subsequently, the relationship between seismic input and isolation responses in the frequency domain is analyzed using the averaging method. The seismic performance of the proposed system is then evaluated using earthquake records from the 2016 Kaohsiung Meinong earthquake to assess time-domain performance set at various initial inclining angles. Through a series of investigations, it is observed that the geometrically nonlinear damping configuration offers advantages by providing adaptive damping forces to isolation bearings and achieving multiple performance objectives across different earthquake magnitudes. Additionally, the proposed isolation system with a geometrically nonlinear viscous damper is experimentally validated to confirm the displacement-force relationship through shake table testing. In the experimental setup, the isolation system comprises three single-curvature grooves moving on fixed ball bearings alongside an angled linearly viscous damper. During the test, this isolation system is subjected to harmonic excitation on a uniaxial shake table to obtain force-displacement behaviors. The results demonstrate a close behavior between the simulated force displacement relationship and the experiment, thus indirectly carry out the multiple performance objectives of the proposed system against earthquakes.
Title Automatic Generation of an Active Structural Controller Using Direct Excitation With Machine Learning
Author Che-Wei Chou, Wei-Jung Wang, Pei-Ching Chen
Keywords direct excitation method, machine learning, autoregressive with exogenous inputs, optimal control, active mass damper, shake table testing
Abstract For active control structural systems, it is necessary to obtain a simplified numerical model of the structure through system identification. Controller design and analysis for vibration control are conducted based on this numerical model. Therefore, the representativeness and accuracy of the numerical model directly affect the performance of active structural control. Additionally, common structural controllers such as the linear-quadratic regulator (LQR) require the additional design of an observer to estimate the state of the structure for feedback control. However, both system identification and the design of structural controller and observer rely on the experience of engineers, thus increasing the practical application barrier of active structural control. In view of this, this study proposes a method for automatically generating structural controllers to mitigate seismic responses of structures. By using active control devices to generate small excitations on the structure and measuring the associated acceleration response, the inverse relationship between excitation force and structural acceleration response can be obtained through machine learning with a recurrent dynamic neural network called the autoregressive with exogenous inputs (ARX) model. Two structural models with 9-story, and 27-story configurations were assumed for numerical simulation. An active mass damper (AMD) was installed at the top of each structural model. Time history analyses were performed using 14 earthquake acceleration records to compare the control performance of the controller generated by the proposed method and LQR with optimized weighting matrices. Finally, a three-story shear building specimen was fabricated in the structural laboratory for shake table verification testing. An AMD driven by a servo motor was installed at the top floor. The experimental results show that the automatically-generated structural controller can effectively reduce the displacement and acceleration responses of the specimen and has similar structural control performance to structural controllers obtained through conventional design approaches.
TitlePerformance-Based Design and Assessment of Friction Dampers for Seismic Retrofit of a Reinforced-Concrete Structure
AuthorShih-Wei Yeh, Lyan-Ywan Lu, Fu-Pei Hsiao, Sheng-Qin Quo, Pin-Tsun Chen, Chia-Shang Chang Chien
Keywordsseismic retrofit, friction damper, performance-based design, seismic assessment, Bouc-Wen-Baber-Noori model, reinforced-concrete structure
AbstractThe use of dampers for seismic retrofit of a building structure is an advanced retrofitting technique, and many researchers have proposed various damper design methods. However, viscous and metallic-type dampers are more commonly used in practice, and studies on the design and assessment of friction dampers for seismic retrofit of structures are limited. To this end, this paper proposes a performance-based design method for friction dampers. The method, which combines the capacity-spectrum method with the codified damper design formulas, can improve the retrofitted building to a desired performance level. To validate the proposed performance-based design method, this paper employs the design procedure to determine the design parameters of a friction damper used in seismic retrofit of a seven-story reinforced concrete (RC) building. The seismic performance of the RC building with the friction damper is then assessed through the nonlinear time-history analysis using 11 spectrum-compatible ground motions. This paper adopts the Bouc-Wen-Baber-Noori model in the numerical model to accurately simulate the post-yield behavior of the RC columns in the first story. Under the DBE (design basis earthquake) intensity ground motions, the numerical results indicate an improvement in the seismic performance level of the RC building from the CP (collapse prevention) level to the LS (life safety) level, which meets the pre-set performance design objective. This validates the effectiveness of the proposed friction damper design method. Additionally, the numerical
simulation also demonstrates that the friction damper achieves a reduction rate of 40% on the peak inter story drift ratio of the first story and a reduction rate of 6% on the peak acceleration of the top floor. 
TitleDesign Passive Tuned Mass Damper With Optimal Target Response Using Static Output Feedback and Parameter Updating Iterative Method
AuthorYong-An Lai, Chi-Hung Chang, Xian-Zheng Hong
Keywordstuned mass damper (TMD), optimal passive control, optimal stiffness and damping coefficient, optimal mass, static output feedback, wind and seismic loads
AbstractThis study proposes a comprehensive passive tuned mass damper (TMD) optimization design method to minimize structural mean square responses. The optimization design problem for passive TMD is reformulated as an optimal control problem, specifically, the optimal gain matrix design problem in static output feedback (or direct output feedback). By solving for the optimal gain matrix, the optimal stiffness and damping coefficients, or optimal mass, of the passive tuned mass damper can be obtained. The proposed method is applicable to both single degree-of-freedom (SDOF) and multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) structures, whether damped or undamped structures, and subjected to wind or seismic loads. Moreover, for different vibration reduction objectives, only different output matrices need to be selected, and the corresponding weighting matrices can be combined for the solving process, making it intuitive and straightforward. In the case of SDOF structures, numerical simulations validate that the optimal design parameters of the passive TMD obtained through this method are identical to the analytical solutions derived from random vibration theory, or closely approach to the approximate solutions, confirming the correctness and feasibility of the proposed design method. Additionally, using the proposed method, the optimal TMD frequency ratio and TMD damping ratio for minimizing the mean square response of velocity or absolute acceleration of SDOF structures under seismic forces are presented, providing reference for engineers in design. Finally, demonstrations are conducted with a passive TMD installed on a five-story MDOF structures and a ten-story ETABS structure, respectively, to design TMD optimal stiffness and damping coefficients, or optimal TMD mass. The results confirm that the proposed method is applicable to MDOF structural systems.

第三十九卷第三期 (期別153) (113年)

作者:

第三十九卷第三期 (期別153) (113年)

「先進隔減震技術」特刊

客座主編:汪向榮教授、楊卓諺研究員

標題「先進隔減震技術」特刊引言
作者汪向榮、楊卓諺
 

    自1999年921集集大地震後，國內隔減震技術之研發與應用逐漸蓬勃發展，相較於傳統耐震技術，其不僅能夠達到基本安全需求，更能滿足保護標的之服務性、舒適性、功能性以及震後韌性與復原力要求。再者，由近年國內數次顯著地震災害之省思，以及結構與設備於真實地震下之耐震表現反饋，如2016年美濃地震、2018年與2024年花蓮地震，應用隔減震技術之結構與設備能展現出預期之優異性能，除了於震中能顯著降低受震反應外，於震後得不需任何修復或僅需簡易檢修後迅速恢復運作。然隨著近年陸續觀察與蒐集到具有不同特性之本土地震紀錄，著實反映出持續開發創新隔減震技術之必要性與迫切性，尤其是對於攸關國家長遠發展的新世代、新科技、新能源以及重要經濟產業，仍需持續進行相關研發，以提出相應且適切之耐震減災策略，確實滿足各產業之多樣且特殊之性能目標。

    國內長年投入許多資源以提升地震工程研究能量，諸多重要研究成果已落實於相關耐震設計規範與實務工程應用並有顯著績效，台灣在世界地震工程領域亦占有舉足輕重的地位。國家科學及技術委員對於防災科技領域擬訂諸多長期重要研究課題，其中針對「新材料新工法新技術於地震工程之應用」、「近斷層震波對地震工程影響之應用研究」以及「先進地震工程實驗技術之開發」相關課題，國內目前已有研究團隊長期致力於多功能自適性隔減震系統之研發以及先進模擬實驗驗證技術。本特刊彙集兩大重要研究團隊研究學者之先進隔減震技術研發成果，包含結合自適性控制技術、地震預警技術、多性能目標設計、人工智慧與機器學習、性能設計與評估方法，以及先進實驗與數值模擬技術，希冀能在國內持續研發先進隔減震技術的道路上，不單提供相關重要參考與技術引領外，亦可作為強化國家產業與社會防災之後盾。

                                           國立台灣科技大學營建工程系　汪向榮　教授　　　　　 　
                                                     國家地震工程研究中心　楊卓諺　副研究員　　謹誌
                                                                                     結構工程期刊　特刊客座主編
                                                                                                             2024 年 9月

標題電磁式可變阻尼隔震系統之研發
作者林錦隆、黃譯醇、張名斌
關鍵字電磁阻尼、可變阻尼、半主動控制、隔震技術、近斷層震波、振動台試驗
摘要本研究旨在發展電磁式可變阻尼隔震系統 (electromagnetic variable-damping
seismic isolation system, EM-VDSIS)，於滑動隔震系統中加入可變電磁式阻尼器，使隔震系統之阻尼比為可控制之參數，可依照自行定義的控制律即時變化，提升隔震效益。本研究首先介紹EM-VDSIS的運作原理，並藉由機構之力學行為建構數學模型，推導其運動方程式與數值模擬方法，隨後以數值模擬方式，驗證EM-VDSIS之可變阻尼功能，具備能同時滿足近、遠域震波之隔震需求的潛力。在機構之實現方面，本研究首先設計製作第I代EM-VDSIS，並利用電子負載機提供可控制之電阻，進而改變隔震系統之阻尼比。不過，由於電子負載機無法達到理想控制電磁阻尼的效果。因此，本研究設計製作第II代EM-VDSIS，除提升電磁阻尼器的功率外，並改用機械式可變電阻機構提供可控制之電阻值。EM-VDSIS (II) 之開迴路控制振動台實驗結果顯示，機械式可變電阻機構可依控制命令，即時改變隔震系統之阻尼比。另外，隔震系統之理論分析結果與實驗動態反應相符，證實本研究之理論模型與相關公式之正確性。
TitleDevelopment of Electromagnetic Variable Damping Seismic Isolation System
AuthorGing-Long Lin, Yi-Chun Huang, Ming-Bin Chang
Keywordselectromagnetic damping, variable damping, semi-active control, seismic isolation,
near-fault earthquake, shaking table test
AbstractThis study aims to develop an electromagnetic variable-damping seismic isolation system(EM-VDSIS), which incorporates a variable electromagnetic damper into a sliding isolation system. This allows the damping ratio of the EM-VDSIS to be a controllable parameter that can change in real-time according to a defined control law, enhancing the effectiveness of seismic isolation. The principle of the EM-VDSIS is first introduced in this study, and a mathematical
model is constructed based on the mechanical behavior of the EM-VDSIS to derive its equations of motion and numerical simulation methods. Subsequently, numerical simulations are used to verify the variable damping function of the EM-VDSIS, with the potential to meet the seismic isolation requirements of both near-field and far-field ground motions. In terms of implementation, the EM-VDSIS (I) was first designed and manufactured, with a controllable resistance provided by an electronic load machine to alter the damping ratio of the isolation system. However, the electronic load machine fails to achieve ideal control of electromagnetic damping. Therefore, the EM-VDSIS (II) upgraded the power of the electromagnetic damper and used a mechanical variable resistor mechanism to provide controllable resistance values. The results of open-loop control with EM-VDSIS (II) using a shaking table demonstrate that the mechanical variable resistor mechanism can change the damping ratio of the isolation system in real-time according to control commands. Additionally, the theoretical analysis of the isolation system matches the experimental dynamic responses, confirming the accuracy of the theoretical model and related formulas in this study.
標題結合強震預警與半主動滾動隔震支承之研發與試驗驗證
作者莊子霆、黃謝恭、許丁友、汪向榮
關鍵字斜面式滾動隔震支承、半主動控制、強震預警、磁流變阻尼器
摘要以往的被動式滾動隔震支承，一旦設計製作安裝至現場，則其參數已經固定不變，對於一般遠域地震波時，可有效控制受保護物體的最大加速度反應於一定範圍內。但是，當受到具有速度脈衝的近斷層地震波時，則其位移反應可能超出限制而發生碰撞。因此本研究開發結合強震預警技術之半主動滾動隔震支承，將斜面式滾動隔震支承 (sloped rolling-type seismic isolation bearing, SRI) 結合磁流變阻尼器(magnetorheological damper, MR Damper)，並發展可根據初達波特徵推估最大地表速度 (peak ground velocity, PGV) 的卷積神經網路預測模型，建立根據PGV及控制MR Damper 所需電壓的控制律，當量測到初達波到達後前幾秒資訊，即可根據模型預測該地震之PGV，並根據控制律得到該次地震下MR Damper所需之電壓，將電壓輸入控制系統使SRI之位移反應控制在門檻值之下，以在強震波來臨前調整滾動隔震支承之阻尼力，使其在一般地震波作用下發揮SRI控制上傳加速度之功能，且其最大位移反應於具有速度脈衝的近斷層地震波作用下仍不至於超出門檻值。本研究將所開發之半主動滾動隔震支承架設於振動台上進行試驗驗證其可行性，由結果可知，所開發之半主動隔震支承能有效發揮其預想之功能。
TitleSemi-Active Sloped Rolling-Type Isolators Based on Earthquake Early Warning Techniques
AuthorZi-Ting Chuang, Shieh-Kung Huang, Ting-Yu Hsu, Shiang-Jung Wang
Keywordsslope rolling-type seismic isolators, semi-active control, earthquake early warning, magnetorheological damper 
AbstractPassive rolling seismic isolators, once designed, manufactured, and installed on-site, have fixed parameters. They can effectively control the maximum acceleration response of the protected object within a certain range when subjected to typical far-field seismic waves, showing remarkable performance. However, when subjected to near-fault seismic waves with velocity pulses, their displacement response may exceed the limits, leading to collisions and damage to the protected object. Therefore, this study proposes the development of a semi-active rolling seismic isolator that integrates sloped rolling-type isolators (SRI) with magnetorheological dampers (MRDampers) and utilizes earthquake early warning technology. This research involves the development of a convolutional neural network (CNN) prediction model to estimate the peak ground velocity (PGV) based on the characteristics of the initial arriving wave. Additionally, control laws are established to determine the required voltage for the MR Damper based on the predicted PGV. By measuring the initial wave arrival information, the system can predict the PGV using the CNN model and apply the control laws to obtain the required voltage for the MR Damper. This enables the adjusting the damping force of the rolling seismic isolator to prevent its displacement response from exceeding the limits during near-fault strong motions with velocity pulses. The feasibility of this proposed approach is verified through experimental tests of a SRI system. The experimental results demonstrate that this system effectively limits the displacement of SRI below the threshold value, validating the concept and feasibility of the proposed method.
標題具斜交黏滯阻尼器之幾何非線性隔震系統的開發與性能分析
作者劉倢妤、張家銘
關鍵字隔震系統、幾何非線性、多目標性能
摘要地震發生可能導致醫療設備及廠房精密儀器毀損，甚至造成嚴重經濟損失及生 命危害。為此，過去普遍應用基底隔震達到降低受震反應，該策略是透過安裝隔震 系統，進而延長結構或設備的振動週期，有效降低地震對上部結構之傳導。然而， 研究指出當地震規模較大時，基底隔震系統可能產生過大位移，需適當增加隔震系 統之阻尼以降低位移量。隔震系統阻尼之需求，通常是基於設計地震力進行設計， 導致在中小地震時，阻尼過大，隔震效果不佳，缺乏適應不同地震規模的能力。為 此，本研究開發一種具斜交阻尼器的幾何非線性隔震系統，應用幾何之概念，調節 阻尼器出力，確保在不同規模之地震作用下達到對上部結構或設備物之保護。首先，本研究透過對幾何非線性阻尼進行動力特性分析以瞭解整體非線性行為，接著利用 平均法獲得頻率域下外力─位移以及絕對加速度之關係。為了評估系統在真實地震下的性能表現，引入高雄美濃地震進行實際模擬，並定義三個性能指標來評估時間域的動態行為。最後，應用滾動型單擺支承及黏滯阻尼器結合，並透過幾何配置進行振動台實驗以驗證數值模型可靠性，進而證明幾何非線性系統具對外力之適應性與多目標性能。
TitleDevelopment and Performance Analysis of Seismic Isolation Bearings With Angled Viscous Damper
AuthorChieh-Yu Liu, Chia-Ming Chang
Keywordsseismic isolation, geometric nonlinearity, multiple performance objectives
AbstractEarthquakes pose a significant impact on machinery requiring high-precision manufacturing in advanced facilities. Meanwhile, severe earthquakes cause enormous economic losses and threaten lives. Base isolation is a popular method for controlling seismic impact, extensively employed to mitigate structural response and lessen seismic risk. However, certain studies suggest that base isolation could lead to excessive displacement during severe earthquakes. To enhance safety and functionality, supplemental damping is recommended to be integrated into the isolation system to mitigate large displacements. However, isolation parameters are typically designed for design-level earthquakes, resulting in increased absolute acceleration during small-to-moderate earthquakes and limited displacement control capacity during large earthquakes due to the lack of adaptability in damping. This study proposes an isolation system with geometrically nonlinear damping and first examines the dynamic characteristics. Subsequently, the relationship between seismic input and isolation responses in the frequency domain is analyzed using the averaging method. The seismic performance of the proposed system is then evaluated using earthquake records from the 2016 Kaohsiung Meinong earthquake to assess time-domain performance set at various initial inclining angles. Through a series of investigations, it is observed that the geometrically nonlinear damping configuration offers advantages by providing adaptive damping forces to isolation bearings and achieving multiple performance objectives across different earthquake magnitudes. Additionally, the proposed isolation system with a geometrically nonlinear viscous damper is experimentally validated to confirm the displacement-force relationship through shake table testing. In the experimental setup, the isolation system comprises three single-curvature grooves moving on fixed ball bearings alongside an angled linearly viscous damper. During the test, this isolation system is subjected to harmonic excitation on a uniaxial shake table to obtain force-displacement behaviors. The results demonstrate a close behavior between the simulated force displacement relationship and the experiment, thus indirectly carry out the multiple performance objectives of the proposed system against earthquakes.
標題應用主動激振法與機器學習生成結構主動控制律之研究
作者周哲緯、王暐鈞、陳沛清
關鍵字主動激振法、機器學習、外源輸入自迴歸模型、結構控制器、主動質量阻 尼器、振動台實驗
摘要傳統主動控制必須透過系統識別取得結構的簡化數值模型，再根據此模型進行結構控制器的設計與分析，此數值模型將直接影響結構主動控制的性能。此外，常用的線性二次調節器 (linear-quadratic regulator, LQR)，常需要設計狀態估測器以估測結構的狀態進行回饋控制。然而，不論是數值模型的建置或結構控制器與狀態估測器的設計皆仰賴工程師的實務經驗，增加了結構主動控制實務應用的門檻。因此，本研究提出一種自動生成結構控制器的方式，其透過主動控制元件對結構產生微小的激振並量測結構樓層的加速度反應，再利用外源輸入自迴歸神經網路模型，以機器學習方法學習激振力與結構加速度反應之逆向關係，自動生成結構控制器。本研究使用了9層樓和27層樓兩種結構數值模型，並假設其頂層配置了主動質量阻尼器 (active mass damper, AMD)，以 14 組地震加速度歷時進行結構之受震反應分析，並比較本研究自動生成之結構控制器與權重最佳化LQR控制器的結構控制性能。最後，本研究製作1組3層樓結構試體，在其頂層安裝AMD，以進行振動台實驗驗證。實驗結果顯示，自動生成之結構控制器可有效地降低結構之加速度與位移受震反應，並與透過傳統設計所得之結構控制器有相比的控制性能表現。
TitleAutomatic Generation of an Active Structural Controller Using Direct Excitation With Machine Learning
AuthorChe-Wei Chou, Wei-Jung Wang, Pei-Ching Chen
Keywordsdirect excitation method, machine learning, autoregressive with exogenous inputs, optimal control, active mass damper, shake table testing
AbstractFor active control structural systems, it is necessary to obtain a simplified numerical model of the structure through system identification. Controller design and analysis for vibration control are conducted based on this numerical model. Therefore, the representativeness and accuracy of the numerical model directly affect the performance of active structural control. Additionally, common structural controllers such as the linear-quadratic regulator (LQR) require the additional design of an observer to estimate the state of the structure for feedback control. However, both system identification and the design of structural controller and observer rely on the experience of engineers, thus increasing the practical application barrier of active structural control. In view of this, this study proposes a method for automatically generating structural controllers to mitigate seismic responses of structures. By using active control devices to generate small excitations on the structure and measuring the associated acceleration response, the inverse relationship between excitation force and structural acceleration response can be obtained through machine learning with a recurrent dynamic neural network called the autoregressive with exogenous inputs (ARX) model. Two structural models with 9-story, and 27-story configurations were assumed for numerical simulation. An active mass damper (AMD) was installed at the top of each structural model. Time history analyses were performed using 14 earthquake acceleration records to compare the control performance of the controller generated by the proposed method and LQR with optimized weighting matrices. Finally, a three-story shear building specimen was fabricated in the structural laboratory for shake table verification testing. An AMD driven by a servo motor was installed at the top floor. The experimental results show that the automatically-generated structural controller can effectively reduce the displacement and acceleration responses of the specimen and has similar structural control performance to structural controllers obtained through conventional design approaches.
標題含摩擦阻尼器鋼筋混凝土結構耐震補強之性能設計法及耐震評估
作者葉士瑋、盧煉元、蕭輔沛、郭聖勤、陳品存、張簡嘉賞
關鍵字結構耐震補強、摩擦阻尼器、性能設計法、耐震評估、BN文氏模型、鋼筋混凝土結構
摘要阻尼器補強屬先進之建築物耐震性能補強方法，且已有許多學者提出各類阻尼 器之設計方法，但多以黏滯型或金屬降伏型阻尼器較為常見，而以摩擦阻尼器進行 建物耐震補強之性能設計法與耐震評估等相關研究較為少見。有鑑於此，本文提出 結合容量震譜法及規範公式之摩擦型阻尼器性能設計方法，該設計方法係引入性能 設計之概念，可用以提升建物之耐震等級至預設之性能目標。為驗證本文所提摩擦 阻尼器性能設計法之有效性，本文選擇一棟七層樓鋼筋混凝土 (reinforced concrete, RC) 建築物，並按照上述之性能設計法之計算流程以獲得摩擦阻尼器之參數。接著以11筆反應譜相容之震波進行動力歷時分析，以評估摩擦阻尼器之補強效果。其中，為了精確模擬RC結構之非線性行為，本文於結構數值模型中引入Bouc-Wen Baber-Noori 模型以模擬一樓柱構件之塑性行為。本文模擬結果顯示前述RC結構於設計地震力作用下之耐震性能等級，可由補強前的避免倒塌耐震等級提升至生命安全之耐震等級，符合預設之性能設計目標，由此驗證本文提出摩擦阻尼器性能設計法之準確性。再者，摩擦阻尼器補強後之一樓層間變位角減震率可達約40%，而頂樓加速度減震率亦可達6%，故可看出摩擦阻尼器不但對於結構位移之減震效果相當顯著，也同時於加速度反應有減震效果。
TitlePerformance-Based Design and Assessment of Friction Dampers for Seismic Retrofit of a Reinforced-Concrete Structure
AuthorShih-Wei Yeh, Lyan-Ywan Lu, Fu-Pei Hsiao, Sheng-Qin Quo, Pin-Tsun Chen, Chia-Shang Chang Chien
Keywordsseismic retrofit, friction damper, performance-based design, seismic assessment, Bouc-Wen-Baber-Noori model, reinforced-concrete structure
AbstractThe use of dampers for seismic retrofit of a building structure is an advanced retrofitting technique, and many researchers have proposed various damper design methods. However, viscous and metallic-type dampers are more commonly used in practice, and studies on the design and assessment of friction dampers for seismic retrofit of structures are limited. To this end, this paper proposes a performance-based design method for friction dampers. The method, which combines the capacity-spectrum method with the codified damper design formulas, can improve the retrofitted building to a desired performance level. To validate the proposed performance-based design method, this paper employs the design procedure to determine the design parameters of a friction damper used in seismic retrofit of a seven-story reinforced concrete (RC) building. The seismic performance of the RC building with the friction damper is then assessed through the nonlinear time-history analysis using 11 spectrum-compatible ground motions. This paper adopts the Bouc-Wen-Baber-Noori model in the numerical model to accurately simulate the post-yield behavior of the RC columns in the first story. Under the DBE (design basis earthquake) intensity ground motions, the numerical results indicate an improvement in the seismic performance level of the RC building from the CP (collapse prevention) level to the LS (life safety) level, which meets the pre-set performance design objective. This validates the effectiveness of the proposed friction damper design method. Additionally, the numerical
simulation also demonstrates that the friction damper achieves a reduction rate of 40% on the peak inter story drift ratio of the first story and a reduction rate of 6% on the peak acceleration of the top floor. 
標題靜態輸出回饋與參數更新迭代方法設計最佳目標反應之被動調諧質量阻尼器
作者賴勇安、張淇閎、洪憲証
關鍵字TMD、最佳被動控制、最佳勁度與阻尼係數、最佳質量、靜態輸出回饋、 風力與地震力
摘要本文將被動調諧質量阻尼器 (tuned mass damper, TMD) 針對最佳化目標反應之參數設計問題，轉換為主動控制理論，靜態輸出回饋（或稱直接輸出回饋）中增益矩陣之最佳化問題，經由主動控制理論中最佳增益矩陣之求解方式，從而可得到目標反應均方最小化時，被動TMD之最佳勁度與阻尼係數或最佳質量。所提之靜態輸出回饋設計方法，不論結構為單自由度或多自由度，為有阻尼結構或無阻尼結構，外力為風力或地震力，皆可適用。且針對不同減振目標，僅需選擇不同之輸出矩陣，組合出對應之權重矩陣求解即可，十分直觀與簡便。如結構為單自由度，經由數值模擬驗證，所求出被動TMD針對最佳化目標反應之設計參數，與隨機振動理論下所得之解析解相等，或與近似解相近，確認所提之設計方法無誤且可行。本文亦以所提之方法，另外求得地震力下，單自由度結構速度或絕對加速度之均方反應最小化，TMD之最佳頻率比與阻尼比，供工程師設計時參考；最後，以五層樓之標稱結構與十層樓之ETABS結構，分別加裝被動TMD進行示範，設計TMD之最佳勁度與阻尼係數，或最佳質量，確認此方法對於多自由度結構系統也同樣適用。
TitleDesign Passive Tuned Mass Damper With Optimal Target Response Using Static Output Feedback and Parameter Updating Iterative Method
AuthorYong-An Lai, Chi-Hung Chang, Xian-Zheng Hong
Keywordstuned mass damper (TMD), optimal passive control, optimal stiffness and damping coefficient, optimal mass, static output feedback, wind and seismic loads
AbstractThis study proposes a comprehensive passive tuned mass damper (TMD) optimization design method to minimize structural mean square responses. The optimization design problem for passive TMD is reformulated as an optimal control problem, specifically, the optimal gain matrix design problem in static output feedback (or direct output feedback). By solving for the optimal gain matrix, the optimal stiffness and damping coefficients, or optimal mass, of the passive tuned mass damper can be obtained. The proposed method is applicable to both single degree-of-freedom (SDOF) and multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) structures, whether damped or undamped structures, and subjected to wind or seismic loads. Moreover, for different vibration reduction objectives, only different output matrices need to be selected, and the corresponding weighting matrices can be combined for the solving process, making it intuitive and straightforward. In the case of SDOF structures, numerical simulations validate that the optimal design parameters of the passive TMD obtained through this method are identical to the analytical solutions derived from random vibration theory, or closely approach to the approximate solutions, confirming the correctness and feasibility of the proposed design method. Additionally, using the proposed method, the optimal TMD frequency ratio and TMD damping ratio for minimizing the mean square response of velocity or absolute acceleration of SDOF structures under seismic forces are presented, providing reference for engineers in design. Finally, demonstrations are conducted with a passive TMD installed on a five-story MDOF structures and a ten-story ETABS structure, respectively, to design TMD optimal stiffness and damping coefficients, or optimal TMD mass. The results confirm that the proposed method is applicable to MDOF structural systems.

人工智慧應用於基礎設施工程科技研討會

作者:

主辦單位：財團法人國家實驗研究院國家地震工程研究中心、
中華民國結構工程學會、中華民國地震工程學會、
中華民國結構技師公會全國聯合會

協辦單位：三聯科技股份有限公司、財團法人三聯科技教育基金會

時間：民國 113 年 10月18 日 (星期五)

地點：國立政治大學公共行政及企業管理教育中心(臺北市大安區金華街187號)

費用：免費，額滿為止。
完成報名繳費程序後，不予退費

名額：預計 120 人，依報名順序，額滿為止

報名方式：即日起開始報名，請上網址：
報名網址：https://conf.ncree.org.tw/AboutCht.aspx?n=A11310180

備註：本研討會已向行政院公共工程委員會申請技師積點及公務人員終身
學習護照相關證書。

聯絡人：江奇融 先生/ 0906164@narlabs.org.tw

2024 臺日鋼、RC 與複合結構研討會

作者:

主辦單位：財團法人國家實驗研究院國家地震工程研究中心

協辦單位：中華民國結構工程學會、中華民國地震工程學會、
台北市結構工程工業技師公會

時間：民國 113 年 11 月 7、8 日 (星期四、五)

地點：國家地震工程研究中心一樓R101 會議室
106219 臺北市大安區辛亥路三段200 號

費用：2,000 元整，民國113 年10 月31 日(星期四)前截止報名。
完成報名繳費程序後，不予退費

名額：預計 130 人，依報名順序，額滿為止

報名方式：即日起開始報名，請上網址：
報名網址：https://conf.ncree.org.tw/index.aspx?n=A11311070

備註：本研討會已向行政院公共工程委員會申請技師積點及公務人員終身
學習護照相關證書。

聯絡人：莊勝智/sjjhuang@narlabs.org.tw
紀凱甯/knchi@narlabs.org.tw

附件 : 2024 臺日鋼、RC 與複合結構研討會

浮式離岸風力機設計技術指引及應用說明會

作者:

各位會員您好：

活動說明：本次說明會將介紹浮式離岸風力機設計技術指引(草案)，並說明設計過程之相關核心分析技術，諸如：浮式風力機之穩度分析、全域分析、浮體下部結構分析及繫纜結構分析。

【指導單位】：經濟部標準檢驗局

【主辦單位】：國立臺北科技大學 離岸風電工程研究中心

【會議時間】：113年10月31日(四)下午13:00至17:15

【會議地點】：本校先鋒國際研發大樓3樓 趨勢講堂(106台北市大安區忠孝東路三段46號)

【議程及報名連結】：https://forms.gle/bnKFWHsYygVwf5x48

備註：本次說明會全程免費，依報名順序，額滿為止。誠摯邀請蒞臨指教。