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敬祝
中華民國結構工程學會 敬上
「結構工程」季刊第134期(第34卷第2期)
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中文網址: 第34卷第2期 (2019)
英文網址: Vol.34 / No.2 (2019)
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| Title | The Strength of A New Type Connection for Rectangular Steel Tube Structures |
|---|---|
| Author | Cheng-Cheng Chen, Xiao-Fang Lin |
| Keywords | steel tube structure, steel tube construction |
| Abstract | In order to improve construction efficiency of low-rise buildings, a new type of connection for steel tube structures was developed.The new type connection for horizontal and vertical members are designated as BJ and CJ connections, respectively. Each of the new type connection is composed of two identical parts and assembled by two high strength bolts. The strength of this new type connection and the strength of the welds connecting the connection and steel tube were experimentally studied. A total of 51 successful tests were carried out and the following conclusions then are made accordinly: (1) The welds connecting the new type connection and the steel tube possess enough strength to transfer member forces from tubes to the connection. Therefore, it is suggested that the type and size of welds used in the test specimen should be used in the real structures. (2) The design shear strengths for BJ connection are proposed. (3) The design tensile strength and design compressive strength for CJ connection are also proposed. |
| Title | Revisions of CNS 560 Steel Bars Standard in 2018 |
|---|---|
| Author | Ker-Chun Lin |
| Keywords | deformed bars, threaded bars, relative projected area of rib, total elongation, uniform elongation |
| Abstract | This paper is intended to introduce and describe the major revisions of CNS 560 standard for steel bars using in reinforced concrete structures that include: (1) Adding two types of steel grade, SD 550W and SD 690. For the SD 550W steel, it is weldable and applicable for seismic members. For the SD 690 normal steel, a minimum ratio of 1.25 for the actual tensile-to-yield strength ratio is requested for seismic members, but welding is not allowed due to no limitations on its chemical compositions. (2) Creating a new type of threaded bars. The threaded bars are suitable for the grouted and threaded couplers. The requirements of deformation dimensions for the threaded bars are identical to those for the deformed bars, except that the rib pitch shall not exceed 0.5 times the diameter of steel bar. That is to get the same level of bond performance with the deformed bars. Therefore, the threaded bars can be regarded as one kind of the deformed bars. (3) Revising the method of bend test. For the bend test, based on the requirements of ASTM A615 or A706 standard, the steel bar shall not be restricted movement in its longitudinal direction to prevent from effects of the additional axial stress during the bend testing. In addition, it is recommended that the requirements of uniform elongation corresponding to actual tensile strength should be incorporated into the future version of CNS 560 standard as an assessment criterion of steel bar ductility. This conforms to the principles of performance-based design and provide the corresponding deformation demands of structural members. |
| Title | Seismic retrofit of existing high-rise RC buildings: full-scale test and nonlinear dynamic frame analysis using ETABS program |
|---|---|
| Author | Chung-Che Chou, Ping-Ting Chung, Ping Nian, V-Liam Chin, Yu-Fang Liu, Chen-Yang Ko, Chu-Chun Wang, Ching-Cheng Chen |
| Keywords | high-rise RC building, shear retrofit, double K-braced steel frame, U-shaped steel plate, one-sided steel plate, seismic test, nonlinear static pushover analysis, nonlinear dynamic frame analysis |
| Abstract | This study evaluates the seismic retrofit of existing high-rise RC buildings in New Taipei City, Taiwan. The paper presents structural test results for verifying the design of member retrofit, nonlinear static pushover analysis and dynamic analysis of the high-rise RC building. The superstructure is mainly retrofitted by two methods. One way adopts a one-sided shear retrofit scheme for RC coupling beams, which are retrofitted with reinforced cement mortar or a steel side plate, respectively, from only one side of the beam to simulate the actual condition on site. The other way is to add a double K-type braced steel frame to increase the shear capacity of the RC frame. The RC beams in the basement are retrofitted with steel plates to increase the shear capacity. The full-scare members with shear retrofits were tested at the National Center of Research on Earthquake Engineering (NCREE) in 2016 and 2017. The test results meet the requirements of the strength and ductility based on Taiwan Seismic Specification and ACI 374.2R-13 (2013). In this study, a 24-story high-rise RC building was analyzed using the computer program, ETABS (2016). The nonlinear static pushover analysis and nonlinear dynamic analysis were conducted to evaluate the seismic performance of the building frame under a set of 2500 year-return period earthquakes, further verifying the seismic demands and technology of the seismic retrofit. |
| Title | Study of Influences of Reduced Elastic Modulus of Concrete on Related Structural Design Codes in Taiwan |
|---|---|
| Author | Wei-Hsiu Hu, Wen-Cheng Liao |
| Keywords | modulus of elasticity, design code for structural concrete in Taiwan |
| Abstract | In Taiwan, the prediction of Ec calculated by current design code is usually overestimated by 20% of that obtained by experimental results. The revision code of Ec = 12000 (f’c)^0.5 is 80% of current Ec = 15000 (f′c)^0.5 . The reduction of Ec would influent the size of beam and column, design value of base shear and other related structural design codes in Taiwan, such as “Design Code for Concrete Structures”, “Seismic Design Specifications and Commentary of Buildings” and “Allowable Stress Design Specifications and Commentary of Steel Structures”. The objectives of this research are to clarify those influences on these related structural design codes with reduced Ec and to comment and give suggestions to the engineering society. The results show that because of the reduction of Ec, the minimum thickness of reinforced concrete slab should increase by 7.7％ times, moment magnification factor would increase by 1.15 times (if slenderness ratio of column is 40), number of shear concrete stud would increase by 1.124 times (if compressive strength of concrete f′c < 360 kgf/cm^2). Structural design codes that directly or indirectly related to Ec should be modified accordingly because of the reduction of Ec. |
| Title | Preliminary discussions on analysis and design of floating houses |
|---|---|
| Author | Jhih-Rong Wang, Shih-Hsun Yin, Che-Hao Chang |
| Keywords | flood-proof house, floating house |
| Abstract | The main purpose of this paper is to introduce the concept and procedure needed to design a floating house which has flood-proof capability. The house was composed of steel box substructure and lightweight cold-form steel truss superstructure. Several columns were built up around the house, which can guide the house move up and down through a ring system connected to it. The house can float up along the columns due to buoyancy when flood waters invade and return back to the original location of the base when flood waters recede. Since the house has such a floating mechanism, it cannot be fixed to ground directly. Rubber Bearings were needed to pass vertical and horizontal loadings. In this paper, a real case study will be conducted for designing a floating house including a steel box structure preventing from invasion of flood waters, a lightweight truss structure forming the main house structure, rubber bearing pads transferring loads to foundation when the house is located on the ground, and guide columns limiting the horizontal movement of the house when it floats. The design and analysis procedure presented here may provide industry, government, and academic institutions in Taiwan with some design guidance and be beneficial to the development of floating houses. |
| 標題 | 輕型鋼管結構簡易接頭之受力行為與強度 |
|---|---|
| 作者 | 陳正誠、林曉芳 |
| 關鍵字 | 鋼管結構接頭、簡易接頭 |
| 摘要 | 近年來臺灣因為少子化的問題，勞動市場逐漸邁向高齡化，勞力的缺乏以及營造業基層勞動人力招募不易等因素，使得需要高勞力的鋼筋混凝土構造建造成本持續提升。使用輕型鋼管結構配合新型式簡易接頭的施工方法，是一個可以有效降低勞力需求及建造時間的結構形式。但目前對於簡易接頭之強度以及與簡易接頭連接之銲道的強度，沒有相關研究結果可供參考。有鑑於此，本文採用結構試驗之方式，探討簡易接頭受力行為，建立接頭強度評估方法。每一個簡易接頭是由兩個形狀構造相同的接頭元件，配合兩顆高強度螺栓組合而成。簡易接頭有用於梁端接頭（簡稱BJ）及用於柱端接頭（簡稱CJ）兩種型式，目前適合使用於斷面100 x 100 mm 之方管及200 x 100 mm之矩形管。經過一系列共51 個試體之載重試驗，配合規範相關強度評估公式，得到主要結果如下：（1）與200 x 100 mm 矩形管連接之BJ 接頭，其正向剪力設計強度可達22.5 tf，負向剪力設計強度可達12.3 tf；（2）與100 x 100 mm 方管連接之BJ 接頭，其正向剪力設計強度可達10.7 tf，負向剪力設計強度可達9.98 tf；（3）與200 x 100 mm 矩形管連接之CJ 接頭，其拉力設計強度可達13.8 tf，壓力設計強度可達61.4 tf；（4）與100 x 100 mm 方管連接之CJ 接頭，其拉力設計強度可達13.8 tf；壓力設計強度可達37.0 tf。 |
| Title | The Strength of A New Type Connection for Rectangular Steel Tube Structures |
|---|---|
| Author | Cheng-Cheng Chen, Xiao-Fang Lin |
| Keywords | steel tube structure, steel tube construction |
| Abstract | In order to improve construction efficiency of low-rise buildings, a new type of connection for steel tube structures was developed.The new type connection for horizontal and vertical members are designated as BJ and CJ connections, respectively. Each of the new type connection is composed of two identical parts and assembled by two high strength bolts. The strength of this new type connection and the strength of the welds connecting the connection and steel tube were experimentally studied. A total of 51 successful tests were carried out and the following conclusions then are made accordinly: (1) The welds connecting the new type connection and the steel tube possess enough strength to transfer member forces from tubes to the connection. Therefore, it is suggested that the type and size of welds used in the test specimen should be used in the real structures. (2) The design shear strengths for BJ connection are proposed. (3) The design tensile strength and design compressive strength for CJ connection are also proposed. |
| 標題 | 2018 年CNS 560 鋼筋標準修訂 |
|---|---|
| 作者 | 林克強 |
| 關鍵字 | 竹節鋼筋、螺紋節鋼筋、節相對投影面積，總伸長率、均勻伸長率 |
| 摘要 | 本文主要介紹並說明2018 年CNS 560「鋼筋混凝土用鋼筋」標準的主要修訂內容，包括：(1)新增SD 550W 與SD690 之鋼筋種類：SD 550W 之鋼筋屬於「耐震構材用」與「可銲接」鋼筋；SD 690 為一般用途之鋼筋，若欲應用於耐震構材，可要求實際抗拉強度與實際降伏強度比值不小於1.25，但因該鋼筋未明確規定化學成分，故須經驗證合格之銲接程序方可銲接加工，否則不可銲接。(2)新增螺紋節形式之鋼筋：螺紋節鋼筋可適用於灌漿式螺紋續接器，惟螺紋節鋼筋之節距最大值不大於鋼筋半徑，可獲得與竹節鋼筋相同之握裹性能，並可視為竹節鋼筋之一種。(3)修訂彎曲試驗法：依據ASTM A615 與A706 標準之精神，進行彎曲試驗時，鋼筋端部之軸向不得固定，以避免鋼筋在彎曲過程中受到額外軸向應力之影響。此外，建議未來的CNS 560 鋼筋標準能以對應於實際抗拉強度（actual tensile strength）之均勻伸長率（uniform elongation），作為鋼筋韌性變形能力的評估準則，使得鋼筋能符合結構性能設計原理，提供結構構件對應的變形需求。 |
| Title | Revisions of CNS 560 Steel Bars Standard in 2018 |
|---|---|
| Author | Ker-Chun Lin |
| Keywords | deformed bars, threaded bars, relative projected area of rib, total elongation, uniform elongation |
| Abstract | This paper is intended to introduce and describe the major revisions of CNS 560 standard for steel bars using in reinforced concrete structures that include: (1) Adding two types of steel grade, SD 550W and SD 690. For the SD 550W steel, it is weldable and applicable for seismic members. For the SD 690 normal steel, a minimum ratio of 1.25 for the actual tensile-to-yield strength ratio is requested for seismic members, but welding is not allowed due to no limitations on its chemical compositions. (2) Creating a new type of threaded bars. The threaded bars are suitable for the grouted and threaded couplers. The requirements of deformation dimensions for the threaded bars are identical to those for the deformed bars, except that the rib pitch shall not exceed 0.5 times the diameter of steel bar. That is to get the same level of bond performance with the deformed bars. Therefore, the threaded bars can be regarded as one kind of the deformed bars. (3) Revising the method of bend test. For the bend test, based on the requirements of ASTM A615 or A706 standard, the steel bar shall not be restricted movement in its longitudinal direction to prevent from effects of the additional axial stress during the bend testing. In addition, it is recommended that the requirements of uniform elongation corresponding to actual tensile strength should be incorporated into the future version of CNS 560 standard as an assessment criterion of steel bar ductility. This conforms to the principles of performance-based design and provide the corresponding deformation demands of structural members. |
| 標題 | 板橋浮洲鋼筋混凝土高層建築結構補強實驗及ETABS非線性動力耐震評估 |
|---|---|
| 作者 | 周中哲、鍾秉庭、粘評、陳威霖、劉郁芳、柯鎮洋、王志誠、陳景誠 |
| 關鍵字 | 鋼筋混凝土高層建築、單側增築RC 梁、單側鋼板剪力補強、雙K型斜撐鋼框架剪力補強、U型鋼板剪力補強、耐震試驗、非線性靜力側推分析、非線性動力歷時分析 |
| 摘要 | 本研究評估新北市板橋浮洲37棟鋼筋混凝土高樓層住宅的結構補強效益，內容先敘述補強構件的試驗，驗證補強設計的合理性，再藉由結構分析程式 ETABS(2016)進行其中一棟高層建築物的非線性靜力側推及非線性動力歷時分析求得耐震需求來評估補強效益。板橋浮洲建築物地上結構之補強構件共進行二種類型試驗：(1) 鋼筋混凝土連梁剪力補強試驗，主要探討以單側增築梁寬(增加箍筋量及無收縮水泥砂漿填補)和單側補鋼板對鋼筋混凝土梁剪力補強效益，(2)雙K 型斜撐鋼框架剪力補強試驗，主要探討鋼造雙K 型斜撐於反覆載重下之挫屈及與既有RC 結構接合行為。建築物地下結構之補強構件則進行鋼板剪力補強鋼筋混凝土梁試驗，探討兩側鋼板和U 型鋼板補強對鋼筋混凝土梁剪力補強成效。上述實尺寸構件補強試驗於2016~2017 年間在國家地震工程研究中心進行，補強試驗結果可滿足臺灣和美國規範ACI 374.2R-13(2013)之強度與韌性要求。本研究並進一步地以一棟24 層高樓鋼筋混凝土建築物作為分析標的，藉由非線性靜力側推及非線性動力歷時分析瞭解建築物於475及2500 年地震迴歸期下的變形及力量需求，驗證耐震補強成果。 |
| Title | Seismic retrofit of existing high-rise RC buildings: full-scale test and nonlinear dynamic frame analysis using ETABS program |
|---|---|
| Author | Chung-Che Chou, Ping-Ting Chung, Ping Nian, V-Liam Chin, Yu-Fang Liu, Chen-Yang Ko, Chu-Chun Wang, Ching-Cheng Chen |
| Keywords | high-rise RC building, shear retrofit, double K-braced steel frame, U-shaped steel plate, one-sided steel plate, seismic test, nonlinear static pushover analysis, nonlinear dynamic frame analysis |
| Abstract | This study evaluates the seismic retrofit of existing high-rise RC buildings in New Taipei City, Taiwan. The paper presents structural test results for verifying the design of member retrofit, nonlinear static pushover analysis and dynamic analysis of the high-rise RC building. The superstructure is mainly retrofitted by two methods. One way adopts a one-sided shear retrofit scheme for RC coupling beams, which are retrofitted with reinforced cement mortar or a steel side plate, respectively, from only one side of the beam to simulate the actual condition on site. The other way is to add a double K-type braced steel frame to increase the shear capacity of the RC frame. The RC beams in the basement are retrofitted with steel plates to increase the shear capacity. The full-scare members with shear retrofits were tested at the National Center of Research on Earthquake Engineering (NCREE) in 2016 and 2017. The test results meet the requirements of the strength and ductility based on Taiwan Seismic Specification and ACI 374.2R-13 (2013). In this study, a 24-story high-rise RC building was analyzed using the computer program, ETABS (2016). The nonlinear static pushover analysis and nonlinear dynamic analysis were conducted to evaluate the seismic performance of the building frame under a set of 2500 year-return period earthquakes, further verifying the seismic demands and technology of the seismic retrofit. |
| 標題 | 台灣混凝土彈性模數折減對數項結構相關設計規範的影響 |
|---|---|
| 作者 | 胡瑋秀、廖文正 |
| 關鍵字 | 彈性模數、台灣混凝土結構設計規範、台灣建築物耐震設計規範及解說、鋼結構容許應力設計法規範 |
| 摘要 | 台灣混凝土彈性模數Ec 較現行規範所預估之値有偏低的趨勢，其值約為規範的80%左右，彈性模數的修正將會對版梁柱尺寸設計、設計基底剪力值和其餘與彈性模數相關的規範產生影響，如台灣混凝土結構設計規範、台灣建築物耐震設計規範及解說與鋼結構容許應力設計法規範等。然而上述相關規範沒有對其中受彈性模數影響的公式做出修改。為使設計更為準確，須探討彈性模數修正對規範的影響。本研究檢視前述規範中直接或間接與彈性模數有關的規定，探討其數項受影響的公式，並依據學理提出對應的建議。依據本研究結果，非預力單雙向版規範因應彈性模數的折減，其最小深度需要增加為1.077 倍；在柱的長細效應中，當細長比為40時，其彎矩放大係數則需要增加為1.15倍；當混凝土之抗壓強度小於360kgf / cm2 時，則單一剪力釘容許強度將變為0.89倍，所需剪力釘個數變為1.124倍。以上結果顯示，彈性模數的修正不僅單是修正Ec 值公式，規範中直接或間接與彈性模數有關的規定均須要修正。 |
| Title | Study of Influences of Reduced Elastic Modulus of Concrete on Related Structural Design Codes in Taiwan |
|---|---|
| Author | Wei-Hsiu Hu, Wen-Cheng Liao |
| Keywords | modulus of elasticity, design code for structural concrete in Taiwan |
| Abstract | In Taiwan, the prediction of Ec calculated by current design code is usually overestimated by 20% of that obtained by experimental results. The revision code of Ec = 12000 (f’c)^0.5 is 80% of current Ec = 15000 (f′c)^0.5 . The reduction of Ec would influent the size of beam and column, design value of base shear and other related structural design codes in Taiwan, such as “Design Code for Concrete Structures”, “Seismic Design Specifications and Commentary of Buildings” and “Allowable Stress Design Specifications and Commentary of Steel Structures”. The objectives of this research are to clarify those influences on these related structural design codes with reduced Ec and to comment and give suggestions to the engineering society. The results show that because of the reduction of Ec, the minimum thickness of reinforced concrete slab should increase by 7.7％ times, moment magnification factor would increase by 1.15 times (if slenderness ratio of column is 40), number of shear concrete stud would increase by 1.124 times (if compressive strength of concrete f′c < 360 kgf/cm^2). Structural design codes that directly or indirectly related to Ec should be modified accordingly because of the reduction of Ec. |
| 標題 | 初談浮動式房屋分析與設計 |
|---|---|
| 作者 | 王峙蓉、尹世洵、張哲豪 |
| 關鍵字 | 抗洪房屋、浮動式房屋 |
| 摘要 | 本文的目的主要是介紹設計浮動式房屋時所需考慮的設計概念與流程。此具有抗洪能力之浮動式房屋由避淹鋼箱下部結構與輕型冷軋型鋼桁架上部結構所組成，並在房屋周圍設置引導房屋垂直運動之柱子，當洪水來臨時，利用洪水的浮力讓房屋沿著周圍柱子往上浮起，當洪水退去時，沿著周圍柱子下降至地面。由於房屋具有上浮的功能，所以無法直接固定於地面，因此藉由支承墊傳遞垂直向與水平向載重。本文將藉由一個浮動式房屋案例，針對浮動式房屋四個主要組成部分，包括避免洪水進入屋內的避淹鋼箱、屬於房屋主體的輕型鋼桁架結構、房屋未浮起時將房屋所受載重傳遞至基礎的支承墊、以及房屋浮起時限制房屋水平移動的導柱，進行實際案例分析與設計，希望所介紹之浮動式房屋設計流程與分析方法可以提供國內產官學界參考，對國內浮動式房屋的發展有所幫助。 |
| Title | Preliminary discussions on analysis and design of floating houses |
|---|---|
| Author | Jhih-Rong Wang, Shih-Hsun Yin, Che-Hao Chang |
| Keywords | flood-proof house, floating house |
| Abstract | The main purpose of this paper is to introduce the concept and procedure needed to design a floating house which has flood-proof capability. The house was composed of steel box substructure and lightweight cold-form steel truss superstructure. Several columns were built up around the house, which can guide the house move up and down through a ring system connected to it. The house can float up along the columns due to buoyancy when flood waters invade and return back to the original location of the base when flood waters recede. Since the house has such a floating mechanism, it cannot be fixed to ground directly. Rubber Bearings were needed to pass vertical and horizontal loadings. In this paper, a real case study will be conducted for designing a floating house including a steel box structure preventing from invasion of flood waters, a lightweight truss structure forming the main house structure, rubber bearing pads transferring loads to foundation when the house is located on the ground, and guide columns limiting the horizontal movement of the house when it floats. The design and analysis procedure presented here may provide industry, government, and academic institutions in Taiwan with some design guidance and be beneficial to the development of floating houses. |
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第十五屆結構工程研討會暨第五屆地震工程研討會徵稿最新訊息
各位先進大家好:
第十五屆結構工程研討會暨第五屆地震工程研討會將于2020年9月02日至9月04日，於香格里拉台南遠東國際大飯店舉行，目前已開始徵稿。
本次研討會目前已新增以下特別議題:
1.台灣高強度鋼筋混凝土 (New RC) 之研究與實務進展
2.高性能鋼材應用於結構性能提升之技術研發
3.非破壞檢測、遙感探測與複合數值方法於災害防治之新進展
4.減震隔震 – 具可變力學性能之先進隔減震系統於防災工程之應用
研討會註冊與投稿網址：https://www.ncree.org/conference/index.aspx?n=N20200902A1
重要日期如下：
摘要投稿截止日期：2020年04月03日
摘要接受通知日期：2020年05月04日
論文全文上傳截止：2020年07月29日
早鳥優惠截止日期：2020年6月30日 (憑匯款日期)
研討會議程公告 ：2020年8月10日
研討會時間 ：2020年09月02日~2020年09月04日
歡迎將此邀稿資訊，轉寄給您的公會會員、國內外友人、學生或產官學界相關學者、工程先進。
**歡迎各位先進共襄盛舉，踴躍線上投稿
第十五屆結構工程研討會暨第五屆地震工程研討會籌備處 敬邀
連絡人: 成功大學土木工程學系所 洪崇展教授 cchung@mail.ncku.edu.tw
中華民國結構工程學會 敬啟-2/20/2020
各位會員您好，本學會謹訂於108年12月21日(星期六)假國立臺灣大學應用力學研究所國際會議廳（臺北市羅斯福路四段1 號）辦理第17屆第一次會員大會，特此通知，紙本開會通知將另行寄送。 敬邀 各位會員蒞臨與會，議程詳附件，請參閱。 敬祝 順心平安 中華民國結構工程學會 會務
張素瑜 敬上 108/11/27
各位會員大家好, 國震中心為促進國內地震工程研究領域之發展， 謹訂於下列時間、地點舉行「2019國家地震工程研究中心實驗成果研討會(II)」，為展示及宣傳臺南實驗室先進之實驗設施，希望廣邀產、學、研各界踴躍參加與交流， 希望各位踴躍參加，謝謝。
※時間：108年12月9日(星期一)。
※地點：國震中心臺南實驗室101演講廳（臺南市歸仁區中正南路一段2001號），距離高鐵臺南站車程5分鐘。
※本中心當日備有2車次之接駁巴士，於高鐵臺南站2號出口公車月台協助接送(09：30以及09：45發車往本中心臺南實驗室)。
※有接駁巴士需求者，建議搭乘高鐵0205車次(09：17抵達高鐵臺南站)或0609車次(09：32抵達高鐵臺南站)。
※本研討會免報名費(提供午餐)，因場地限制名額有限，敬請由報名網頁進行報名https://is.gd/sVRq5G 敬祈 順安 中華民國結構工程學會 敬啟
各位會員大家好， 以下2則演講訊息：
日期：108年08月26日(星期一) 時間：下午02:00～04:30
演講題目：Current Approaches for Assessing Uncertainty in PSHA: Examples from Recent SSHAC Studies
講者： Dr. William R. Lettis
服務機關：Lettis Consultants International
日期：108年8月29日(星期四) 時間：上午9:30～12:00
地點：國家地震工程研究中心R101演講廳
第一場演講題目：台中國家歌劇院結構設計
講者：張敬昌 副總經理 服務機關：永峻工程顧問股份有限公司
第二場演講題目：台中國家歌劇院施工
講者：黃明晴 副總經理
服務機關：麗明營造股份有限公司 本場專題演講無需報名與繳費，歡迎有興趣者踴躍參加。
中華民國結構工程學會 敬啟 108/08/19
「結構工程」季刊第133期(第34卷第1期)
電子檔已經上線。歡迎會員登入後下載全文。
中文網址: 第34卷第1期 (2019)
英文網址: Vol.34 / No.1 (2019)
若有任何意見歡迎 email 至 csse@csse.org.tw。
| 標題 | 雙向鋼板剪力牆邊界梁柱耐震設計與分析研究 |
|---|---|
| 作者 | 楊依璇、黃彤、李昭賢、蔡青宜、蔡克銓 |
| 關鍵字 | 三維鋼板剪力牆、邊界柱、容量設計、軸彎剪互制、有限元素模型分析、合成梁 |
| 摘要 | 針對雙向鋼板剪力牆底層角落邊界柱須抵抗兩正交向剪力牆之作用，本研究利用過去研究所提單向剪力牆底層邊界柱設計方法，考量雙向構架及鋼板共同造成之彎矩、剪力及軸力互制關係，設定底層柱塑鉸高程在0.3倍柱高，提出雙向鋼板剪力牆邊界柱設計方法。為驗證所提之設計方法，本研究利用四組兩層L 型平面之雙向鋼板剪力牆有限元素模型進行分析，分析結果顯示，所提設計方法可準確預測底層受壓邊界柱之雙向彎矩需求分佈與塑鉸發生位置。此外箱型邊界柱須承受與柱面垂直之鋼板拉力場作用力，柱面板厚不足時可能導致局部非線性變形，本研究亦探討雙向鋼板剪力牆交界處邊界箱型柱面外受拉力與變形之關係，並提出耐震設計方法。鋼板剪力牆頂層邊界梁構件須承受下方鋼板下拉力引致之正彎矩，本研究以有限元素分析探討邊界鋼寬翼梁與混凝土樓板合成之行為，分析結果顯示當合成梁受來自鋼梁下方之鋼板拉力，混凝土樓板與鋼梁之共同作用行為並不明顯，因此本研究建議設計時應保持一般鋼寬翼斷面梁之設計方法，僅考量鋼骨之彎矩強度。 |
| Title | Seismic design and analysis on boundary elements in bidirectional steel plate shear walls |
|---|---|
| Author | Yi-Hsuan Yang, Tung Huang, Chao-Hsien Li, Ching-Yi Tsai, Keh-Chyuan Tsai |
| Keywords | bi-directional steel plate shear walls, capacity design, axial, shear and flexural interaction, finite element model analysis, composite beam |
| Abstract | The aim of this research is to propose a seismic design method for the corner vertical boundary elements (VBEs) in bidirectional steel plate shear walls (SPSWs) through a series of analytical and experimental studies. The VBEs at the intersection of bidirectional SPSWs must sustain the force demands induced from the two SPSWs simultaneously. The column axial force, bi-directional moments and shears are incorporated in the proposed procedures in computing the reduced column flexural capacities. The location of the bottom column flexural hinge is set at an elevation of 0.3 times the first story column height in order to achieve both performance and economy goals. In this paper, the effectiveness of the proposed design method is verified by four two-story L-shape bidirectional SPSW finite element model (FEM) analyses. The pushover analyses on the FEMs confirm that the flexural demands and the plastic hinge locations of the bottom corner VBEs can be predicted by the proposed method. This research also investigates the effectiveness of the composite action of the concrete slab and steel beam in the SPSW’s top boundary element using FEM analysis. Analysis results show that the composite action is not pronounced since the vertical downward panel forces are applied on the beam bottom flange. |
| 標題 | 含鋼板阻尼器構架最佳化設計 |
|---|---|
| 作者 | 張舉虹、蔡克銓 |
| 關鍵字 | 鋼板阻尼器、耐震設計、容量設計、受剪挫屈、最佳化設計、抗彎構架 |
| 摘要 | 鋼板阻尼器(Steel Panel Damper, SPD)為三段式寬翼構件，中段為非彈性核心段，上下兩段為彈性連接段，在核心段配置加勁板，可延遲受剪挫屈的發生。在抗彎構架配置SPD，核心段腹板能反覆受剪降伏來消能，本研究利用MATLAB 最佳化工具箱，結合模擬退火法與梯度下降法成混合式演算法，考慮上下層SPD 相同且皆於梁跨中心，僅探討SPD、邊界梁與其交會區之設計，以最少SPD、加勁板、邊界梁全長、交會區疊合板與連續板總用鋼量為目標函數。SPD、加勁板、邊界梁斷面與交會區疊合板厚為設計變數；以滿足SPD、邊界梁與交會區容量設計、SPD 核心段加勁板設計及防止斷面局部與側向扭轉挫屈作為基本限制條件，研究最少用鋼量為「基本設計」。因SPD 勁度強度可分離，在固定強度下可增加勁度，然增加SPD或邊界梁勁度，皆能提升構架勁度，本研究根據反曲點取出SPD 與邊界梁十字子構架，在選定SPD 強度下，以子構架側向勁度增加50%為新增限制條件，再次進行最佳化設計，稱所得最少用鋼量為「1.5 倍勁度設計」。設計範例顯示在滿足基本限制條件下，只須增約9%用鋼量，即可達1.5 倍勁度設計。為提高勁度，主要以增加邊界梁深與腹板厚較有效，但將導致梁強度增加40%。另對梁強度增量設25%上限，發現須較基本設計增約11%用鋼量，才可得1.5 倍勁度設計。若另對梁深也設上限，須增約30%用鋼量，才可得1.5 倍勁度設計；此時梁強度為基本設計的1.2 倍。本研究也討論垂直載重對邊界梁設計之效應，並表列實際可供工程應用之最佳化SPD 與邊界梁的設計尺寸案例。 |
| Title | Optimization of Steel Panel Dampers for Moment Resisting Frame Designs |
|---|---|
| Author | Chu-Hung Chang, Keh-Chyuan Tsai |
| Keywords | steel panel damper, seismic design, capacity design, shear buckling, optimization design, moment resisting frame |
| Abstract | The proposed 3-segment steel panel damper (SPD) consists of one middle inelastic core (IC) and two end elastic joint (EJ) wide-flange sections. During earthquakes, the two EJs of the same cross-sectional property, are designed to remain elastic while the IC could undergo large inelastic shear deformation thereby dissipating seismic energy. In order to sustain a large deformation and delay the shear buckling of the IC web, stiffeners must be properly devised. In this study, optimization algorithm is adopted to proportion the SPDs and the boundary beams, and achieve the minimum steel weight design. It is assumed that two identical SPDs, one above and one below, are attached to the boundary beam mid-span. The MATLAB optimization toolbox combined the simulated annealing algorithm with the gradient-descent method is adopted to find the minimum steel weight design. The objective function is the total weight of the SPD, the boundary beam and the panel zone. The design variables are the sectional properties of the SPD, the boundary beam and the doubler plate thickness. Constraints include the capacity design of the SPD, boundary beam and panel zone, the stiffeners of the IC web, compact section and lateral torsional buckling limit state design requirements. The ”basic design” is the lightest sections meeting all the constraints. The lateral stiffness of the two SPDs- to-boundary beam subassembly can be enhanced by either increasing the stiffness of the SPDs or the boundary beam. As examples, the optimization designs of increasing 50% more stiffness of the subassemblies as the new constraint were conducted also. While complying with the aforementioned constraints, the steel weight is increased by about 9% to achieve a 50% more stiffened design. The stiffness of the subassemblies are found enhanced most effectively by increasing the beam depths and web thicknesses. |
| 標題 | 鋼造自復位挫屈束制斜撐(SC-SBRB)發展及耐震試驗 |
|---|---|
| 作者 | 周中哲、蔡文璟、鍾秉庭 |
| 關鍵字 | 自復位挫屈束制斜撐、反覆載重、殘餘變形、能量消散 |
| 摘要 | 鋼造斜撐構架具有良好的耐震性能，然而在大變形下易使建築物產生結構損壞和殘餘變形，造成震後難以修復且費用昂貴，因此本文提出一種可提升建築物抗震能力的全新鋼造自復位挫屈束制斜撐(Self-Centering Sandwiched Buckling-Restrained Brace, SC-SBRB)，此種斜撐同時具有雙核心自復位斜撐的自復位能力及挫屈束制斜撐的消能能力，自復位能力是利用斜撐中的兩組拉力構件束制斜撐中的鋼受壓構件，使斜撐在大變形下具有回到零殘餘變形的能力；消能能力是利用兩組獨立分離的圍束構件以栓接方式束制斜撐中的核心構件，使得斜撐受壓不會挫屈而產生飽滿的遲滯消能。本文首先介紹兩組不同構件配置的自復位挫屈束制斜撐，說明其力學行為及抗震機制，以減少建築物受震的最大變形及殘餘變形，並於實驗室進行兩組長度7860 mm 的實尺寸斜撐試驗驗證其耐震性能，試驗結果顯示斜撐的傳力機制與理論預測相符，試驗亦證明兩組斜撐試體分別經歷共3 次反覆載重及52 圈疲勞載重測試下仍保持良好耐震能力，斜撐更可在層間側位移角2.5%而不破壞，最大軸力可達1700 kN，全部試驗的累積韌性容量可達1090-1129，超過美國耐震規範AISC (2010)的建議值200。 |
| Title | Development and Seismic Tests of Steel Self-Centering Sandwiched Buckling-Restrained Braces (SC-SBRBs) |
|---|---|
| Author | Chung-Che Chou, Wen-Jing Tsai, Ping-Ting Chung |
| Keywords | Self-centering sandwiched buckling-restrained brace (SC-SBRB), Cyclic test, Residual deformation, Energy dissipation |
| Abstract | Earthquake-resisting frame systems that are designed based on current seismic provisions provide life safety performance in a large earthquake, but may have significant structural damage or residual drift due to energy dissipation in designated structural members. The damage leads to difficult or expensive repairs after a large earthquake. Therefore, development of a structural system that has both energy dissipation and self-centering properties in earthquakes is needed to improve the seismic performances of buildings. This paper presents a viable solution that was validated by multiple cyclic tests of an innovative brace, called a dual-core self-centering sandwiched buckling-restrained brace (SC-SBRB). The proposed brace combines the self-centering property of a dual-core self-centering brace (DC-SCB) and the energy dissipation of a sandwiched buckling-restrained brace (SBRB) together. The dual-core SC-SBRB is essentially a DC-SCB that is positioned concentrically with a SBRB to create both the self-centering and energy dissipation properties in either tension or compression. A 7860 mm-long dual-core SCSBRB, which uses ASTM A572 Gr. 50 steel as bracing members and ASTM A416 Grade 270 steel tendons as tensioning elements, was cyclically tested six times to validate its kinematics and cyclic performance. The test program demonstrated that the proposed dual-core SC-SBRB provides stable hysteretic responses with appreciable energy dissipation, self-centering behavior and large deformation capacity before low-cycle fatigue failure of the SBRB core. |
| 標題 | 考量強地動特性之可變勁度隔震系統研發與應用 |
|---|---|
| 作者 | 劉政嘉、林子剛、盧煉元、蕭迦恩 |
| 關鍵字 | 勁度可變、速度能量、隔震系統、半主動控制、半主動控制、最佳動位能比例法 |
| 摘要 | 近年來，結構物隔減震研究日趨受到重視，過去的研究顯示隔減震效應無法即時判定地震類型，並針對近遠域地震特性改變以達到最佳控制效果。為了使控制效果最佳化，本研究開發一套半主動控制系統「地震能量預測比例法」(Feed-forward Predictive Earthquake Energy Analysis, FPEEA)，透過量測地震主波到來前之速度，計算頻率域之能量頻譜，進而區分出近遠域地震；並結合最佳動位能比例法(Minimal Energy Weighting, MEW)決定位能權重，以有效即時控制結構反應。本研究已開發完成此半主動控制理論， 搭配槓桿式可變勁度隔震系統(Leverage-type Stiffness Controllable Isolation System, LSCIS)，調整槓桿支點位置進而改變隔震層勁度，以達到最佳的隔減震效果。與過去的半主動控制律相比，本研究之控制律可達到與MEW相同之控制效果甚至更佳。實際振動台試驗結果顯示，透過速度能量判定可於主要震波來前區分出近遠域地震，達到即時控制效果。而針對近域地震情況下，更可有效降低隔震層位移，並對上部結構加速度反應有良好的控制成效。 |
| Title | Development and Application of a Variable Stiffness Isolation System Considering Ground Motion Characteristic |
|---|---|
| Author | Zheng-Jia Liu, Chia-En Hsiao, Tzu-Kang Lin, Lyan-Ywan Lu |
| Keywords | Stiffness-variable, energy of velocity, isolation system, semi-active control, minimum energy weighting |
| Abstract | In recent years, the research of isolation and mitigation system has become more and more important. In the traditional isolation and mitigation system, the control effect may be reduced because of unknown earthquake types. To have the best effect of response reduction, the systems have to be adaptive with the earthquake type. To achieve that, an upgraded algorithm, Feed-forward Predictive Earthquake Energy Analysis (FPEEA), is proposed by considering the energy of earthquake velocity to have the optimal response. The new algorithm quickly evaluates the velocity energy to have the optimal weighting of minimum energy weighting (MEW). With the optimal weighting of the potential energy and the kinetic energy, the PFEEA can reduce the structural responses efficiently. In order to demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm, a single-degree-of-freedom structure is used as a benchmark in both numerical simulation and experimental verification. With predicting the optimal weighting in advance, the type of earthquake can be defined before the main shock of earthquake comes. The results have shown that the dynamic response of the structure can be effectively alleviated. Comparing to the structural responses of the MEW method, the performance of the proposed algorithm is similar to MEW or even better. The shaking table test also demonstrates the feasibility of applying the proposed algorithm in practical application. |
| 標題 | 生命週期考量之鋼管混凝土建築結構合理設計分析法 |
|---|---|
| 作者 | 陳振川、吳子良 |
| 關鍵字 | 潛變、自體收縮、乾燥潛變、鋼管混凝土、結構設計 |
| 摘要 | 鋼管混凝土建築結構已經成為一種常用之建築型式，其搭配自充填混凝土之內填，對於增加高層建築物之承載及勁度均有助益，並增加建築面積之有效使用。然而，現有規範及設計採用複合材料設計方式，其結構設計和所充填混凝土之潛變收縮行為及混凝土與鋼材之互制現象，則未在現有建築工程設計充分考量。本研究介紹混凝土時間變形特性及應用本土潛變預測之必要性，並提出一從生命週期考量之鋼管混凝土建築結構設計分析法，並提出設計程序與案例分析，以確保在生命週期之使用年壽期間，結構物可提供長期結構安全及服務性。 |
| Title | A Life Cycle Consideration Structural Design Method for Concrete-Filled Steel Tubes Structure |
|---|---|
| Author | Jenn-Chuan Chern, Zu-Liang Wu |
| Keywords | creep, autogenous shrinkage, drying creep, CFT, structural design |
| Abstract | The concrete-filled steel tubular structure has become a common structural type for buildings, which is matched with the use of self-compacting concrete, which is helpful for increasing the bearing capacity and stiffness of the high-rise building and increasing the effective use of the building area. However, the existing specifications and designs adopt the composite design method, and the structural design and the creep & Shrinkage behavior of the in-filled concrete and the interaction between concrete and steel tube are not fully considered in the existing structural design. This study introduces the time-dependent deformation characteristics of concrete and the necessity of applying local developed prediction formulas and proposes a design analysis method for concrete-filled steel tubular structures considering life cycle, and proposes design procedures and case studies to ensure the life expectancy in life cycle. During the period, the structural safety and serviceability of the structure can be ensured. |