第四十一卷第三期(期別161)(115年)

作者:

第四十一卷第三期 (期別161) (115年)

標題

 

利用音射法監測 RC
梁承受反覆荷載之破壞行為
作者

 

干裕成 、裴廣智
、林文祥
關鍵字

 

反覆荷載、RC 梁、撓曲、勁度、音射法
摘要

 

本文主要在研究鋼筋混凝土簡支梁承受四點彎曲反覆載重下之行為，並全程以
音射法進行監測，研究鋼筋混凝土梁在靜態及動態彎曲的破裂行為。試驗中之動載 試驗，係從靜載試驗所得降伏荷載之 10–80% 範圍開始，隨後將荷載上限逐漸增加
到構件達降伏載重，在循環 1、10、100 和 1,000 次後，即檢驗混凝土梁之勁度， 觀察其勁度衰減的情形，直至破壞為止。動態載重試驗則採用 0.5
Hz、1.0 Hz 和 2.0 Hz 三種加載速率。試驗結果發現，混凝土梁在靜態載重作用下可呈現穩定破壞的 彎曲行為；但在動態載重作用下，會呈現瞬間壓潰的彎曲行為。另外，加載速率越
小，對混凝土梁的破壞性愈大，承載力愈低，且勁度衰減也愈快。利用音射監測法， 可瞭解鋼筋混凝土梁內部解構的過程，亦可提供混凝土梁構件在承受載重破壞前的
預警。
Title

 

Investigation of
Failure Behavior of RC Beams Subjected to Repeated Loads With Acoustic
Emission Monitoring
Author

 

Yu-Cheng
Kan, Kuang-Chih Pei, Wun-Siang Lin
Keywords

 

 repeated load, RC beam, flexural, stiffness,
acoustic emission monitoring
Abstract 
This paper presents the static and dynamic flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beam based on a four-point bend test accompanying with the acoustic emission monitoring (AE) throughout the entire the load test. The dynamic load test starts with a load range from 10% to 80% of yielding load which is determined from the static load test, followed by increasing the upper load level to the post-yielding region with 1, 10, 100 and 1,000 of cycle numbers to examine the stiffness decay of the concrete beam until failure. Three loading rates of 0.5 Hz, 1.0 Hz and 2.0 Hz were adopted for dynamic load test. The test results showed that the concrete beams perform flexural behavior with a stable failure as being subjected to static load and with a sudden crushing manner as being subjected to dynamic load. Furthermore, the slower the loading rate, the more destructive it is to the concrete beam, the lower its bearing capacity, and the faster its stiffness decays. AE can reveal the disintegration processes inside reinforced concrete beams and provide early warning before failure occurs when the beam is subjected to static or dynamic loads.
標題

 

以高效能運算實踐城市尺度機率式地震風險評估：
從結構建模到花蓮易損性評估
作者

 

陳鵬宇、許慈忻、李炘庭、李宗霖
關鍵字

 

高效能運算、城市尺度、機率式地震風險評估、鋼筋混凝土建築、增量動
力分析
摘要

 

台灣位處板塊交界，地震活動頻繁，且都市地區存在大量興建年代較早之鋼筋
混凝土建築。此類建物於強震下可能產生顯著非線性反應與損傷，故震前掌握其地 震風險對補強優先順序、防災規劃與震後資源配置至關重要。然而，傳統區域風險
評估多仰賴經驗式或簡化型易損性曲線，較難反映個別建物之結構特性與非線性受 震行為。近年來機率式地震風險評估可結合非線性動力歷時分析、地震動不確定性
與易損性曲線，提供具工程物理基礎之建物層級風險推估。惟擴展至城市尺度時， 需執行大量重複非線性分析，計算需求龐大。為克服此限制，本文建立基於高效能
運算之城市尺度機率式地震風險評估架構，整合建築資料讀取、自動化結構建模、 增量動力分析、反應後處理與易損性曲線建置，並於國家高速網路與計算中心創進
一號主機上透過動態任務分配進行多核心平行運算。本文以花蓮縣 62,454 棟 1999
年前興建之鋼筋混凝土建築為案例，建立低、中、高層代表性構架模型，執行多組 地震紀錄與不同最大地表加速度等級之增量動力分析，並結合 2024 年花蓮
0403 地 震資料進行損傷推估與災損比對。結果顯示，所提架構可有效完成城市尺度大量非 線性分析，展示高效能運算支援高解析度地震風險評估之可行性。
Title

 

Implementing
High-Performance Computing for City-Scale Probabilistic Seismic Risk
Assessment: From Structural Modeling to Vulnerability Assessment in Hualien
Author

 

Peng-Yu Chen,
Ci-Xin Hsu, Sin-Ting Li, and Tsung-Lin Li
Keywords

 

high-performance
computing, city scale, probabilistic seismic risk assessment,reinforced
concrete frames, incremental dynamic analysis
Abstract 
Taiwan is located at an active plate boundary and is frequently affected by earthquakes. Many urban areas contain aging reinforced concrete (RC) buildings that may experience significant nonlinear response and damage during strong ground shaking. Therefore, assessing their seismic risk before future earthquakes is important for retrofit prioritization, disaster mitigation planning, and post-earthquake resource allocation. Conventional regional risk assessments often rely on empirical or simplified fragility curves, which may not fully capture the structural characteristics and nonlinear seismic behavior of individual buildings. Although probabilistic seismic risk assessment can provide more physics-based building-level risk estimates through nonlinear dynamic analyses and fragility functions, its application to city-scale building inventories requires a large number of repeated analyses and thus faces substantial computational challenges. To address this issue, this study develops a high-performance computing (HPC)-based framework for city-scale probabilistic seismic risk assessment. The framework integrates building inventory processing, automated structural model generation, incremental dynamic analysis, response post-processing, and fragility curve development. It is implemented on the National Center for High-performance Computing (NCHC) Forerunner 1 supercomputer, where dynamic task allocation is used to distribute building-level analyses across multiple central processing unit (CPU) cores. A case study is conducted for 62,454 RC buildings constructed before 1999 in Hualien County. Representative low-, mid-, and high-rise frame models are developed, and incremental dynamic analyses are performed using multiple ground-motion records and peak ground acceleration levels. The resulting fragility curves are further combined with ground-motion data from the 2024 Hualien 0403 earthquake to estimate building damage and compare the predictions with observed damage data. The results demonstrate the feasibility of using HPC for high-resolution city-scale seismic risk assessment.
標題

 

套筒式離岸風機結構於地震作用下之
慣質式調諧質量阻尼器最佳化設計
作者

 

蔡謙睿、陳妍綺、陳宇婕、沈正賢、詹鵬台
關鍵字

 

離岸風機套筒式結構、阻尼器最佳化、多階層規劃之逆元素交換法、慣質
式調諧質量阻尼器
摘要

 

離岸風力發電機設置於地震帶地區時，除承受風、浪等環境荷載外，亦可能
受到地震作用影響而危及結構安全，因此如何有效降低地震作用下之結構動態反 應，已成為離岸風機振動控制之重要課題。隨著風機容量與結構尺度持續增加，
傳統單一調諧質量阻尼器 (single tuned mass damper, STMD) 因對調諧頻率具有高
度敏感性，當結構頻率改變而產生離頻效應時，其減振效能可能明顯下降。為提 升控制系統之強健性與配置效率，本研究以套筒式離岸風機結構為研究對象，並考
量轉子與機艙總成 (rotor-nacelle assembly, RNA) 動態特性，探討 STMD、多重調 諧質量阻尼器 (multiple
tuned mass damper, MTMD)、單一慣質式調諧質量阻尼器 (single tuned mass damper inerter,
STMDI) 及多重慣質式調諧質量阻尼器 (multiple tuned mass damper inerter, MTMDI)
於地震荷載作用下之控制效能。此外，本研究 結合多階層規劃逆元素交換法 (inverse element exchange method with
multi-level programming, MulIEEM) 與貪婪式逆元素交換法 (inverse element exchange method
with greedy algorithm, GIEEM) 進行阻尼器最佳化配置，並比較不同方法在搜尋效
率、收斂特性與減振效果上之差異。研究結果顯示，在多筆地震歷時分析中，引入 慣質元件之 MTMDI 多能有效降低結構反應，展現較佳控制表現；而
MulIEEM 與 GIEEM 皆可改善阻尼器配置並提升減振效能。整體而言，本研究所建立之阻尼器
配置與最佳化方法，可提升離岸風機於地震荷載作用下之振動控制能力，並可作為 後續減振系統設計與工程應用之參考。
Title

 

Optimization Design
of Inerter-Based Tuned Mass Dampers for a Jacket-Type Offshore Wind Turbine
Structure Under Seismic Excitation
Author

 

Qian-Rui Cai,
Yen-Chi Chen, Yu-Chieh Chen, Cheng-Hsien Shen, Peng-Tai Chan
Keywords

 

 jacket-type offshore wind turbine structure,
damper optimization, inverse element exchange method with multi-level
programming, inerter-based tuned mass damper 
Abstract 
Offshore wind turbines installed in seismic regions may be affected not only by wind and wave
loads but also by earthquake excitation, which can threaten structural safety. Therefore, effectively
reducing the structural dynamic response under seismic loading has become an important issue in
vibration control for offshore wind turbines. As turbine capacity and structural scale continue to
increase, conventional single tuned mass dampers (STMD) may show reduced control performance
because they are highly sensitive to tuning frequency. When structural frequency shifts and detuning
occurs, their vibration mitigation efficiency can decrease significantly. To improve the robustness and
efficiency of the control system, this study investigates a jacket-type offshore wind turbine structure
while considering the dynamic characteristics of the RNA. The control performance of single tuned
mass dampers (STMD), multiple tuned mass dampers (MTMD), single tuned mass damper inerters
(STMDI), and multi-tuned mass damper inerters (MTMDI) under seismic loading is evaluated.
In addition, the inverse element exchange method with multi-level programming (MulIEEM) and
the inverse element exchange method with greedy algorithm (GIEEM) are applied to optimize the
damper configuration. The differences between these optimization methods are compared in terms
of search efficiency, convergence behavior, and vibration reduction performance. The results show
that, under multiple earthquake time-history analyses, the MTMDI with inertance elements can
effectively reduce structural responses in most cases and demonstrates better control performance.
Both MulIEEM and GIEEM can improve damper configuration and enhance vibration mitigation
effectiveness. Overall, the proposed damper configuration and optimization methods can improve
the vibration control capability of offshore wind turbines under seismic loading and may serve as a
reference for future vibration control system design and engineering applications.
標題

 

生物炭取代 3D 列印水泥砂漿之配比設計與力學性質評估
作者

 

張守綸、楊晏瑜、陳泓文、李秉乾
關鍵字

 

3D
混凝土列印、生物炭、低碳材料、永續營建
摘要

 

建築產業目前正面臨淨零碳排與智慧化施工的雙重轉型挑戰。3D
列印混凝土 (three-dimensional concrete printing, 3DCP) 為兼顧減碳效益與自動化施工需求，本
研究探討將具備碳封存潛力的生物炭 (biochar) 導入 3D 列印水泥砂漿中，以等重量
方式取代部分無收縮水泥產品。實驗旨在評估生物炭的添加對材料流變性、力學性 能與列印可行性之綜合影響。研究建立了一套系統性的設計流程，設計包含多種生
物炭取代率（0.0%、5.0%、10.0%、12.5% 與 15.0%）之配比。在實驗驗證方面，
本研究透過各種試驗討論材料性質。最後，藉由手動列印試驗模擬受壓泵送與層間 堆疊，檢視其實際構築性能。本研究期能提供一套以生物炭為基礎之 3DCP 砂漿初
步配比與性能評估參考，為未來永續建築與低碳建材之發展奠定實務基礎，並協助 營建產業邁向智慧化與負碳化之轉型目標。
Title

 

Design and
Performance Evaluation of BiocharReplaced Carbon-Negative 3D Printed Mortar
Author

 

Shou-Lun Chang,
Yen-Yu Yang, Hung-Wen Chen, Bing-Jean Lee
Keywords

 

 3D concrete printing, biochar, low-carbon
materials, sustainable construction
Abstract 
The construction industry is currently facing the dual challenges of net-zero carbon emissions
and intelligent construction. Three-dimensional concrete printing (3DCP) offers a promising
solution by combining material efficiency with automated construction. This study investigates
the incorporation of biochar, which has carbon sequestration potential, into 3D-printed
cementitious mortar as a partial mass replacement for the premixed non-shrink cementitious
product. The effects of biochar addition on rheological properties, mechanical performance, and
printability were systematically evaluated. A series of mortar mixtures with biochar replacement
ratios of 0.0%, 5.0%, 10.0%, 12.5%, and 15.0% was designed and tested. Various experiments
were conducted to examine the fresh and hardened properties of the mixtures. Manual printing
tests were further performed to simulate extrusion and layer-by-layer deposition, allowing the
buildability and practical feasibility of the mixtures to be assessed. The results are expected to
provide design guidelines for biochar-based 3DCP mortar and practical references for developing
sustainable buildings and low-carbon construction materials. This study supports the transition of
the construction industry toward intelligent and carbon-negative construction.
標題

 

新世代刀板接合式耐震間柱開發與性能試驗
作者

 

蕭博謙、陳珽峰
關鍵字

 

耐震間柱、刀板接頭、軸力效應、剪力鋼板阻尼器
摘要

 

刀板接合式耐震間柱
(knife-plate-connected seismic stud column, KSC) 是一種 應用於特殊抗彎矩構架 (special
moment resisting frame, SMF) 以提升消能效率之 新型構件。KSC 係由剪力鋼板阻尼器 (shear panel damper,
SPD) 與兩側邊界柱組 成，邊界柱兩端透過刀板接頭進行連接；此創新設計可有效降低 SPD 剪力變形與樓
層側位移角間之差異，藉以提升桿件之整體變形能力。本研究透過兩階段實驗，分 別探討不同軸力大小對 KSC 耐震性能之影響，以及驗證改良型刀板接頭的耐震間 柱
(improved knife-plate-connected stud column, IKSC) 之耐震性能。研究中提出包 括轉換區
(transition zone, TZ) 以及端部連接段 (end connection segment, EC) 之邊
界柱設計方法。實驗結果顯示，施加軸力對 KSC 之耐震性能無顯著影響，惟需針 對刀板之設計斷面尺寸進行檢核。此外，本研究彙整歷次研究數據，提出了適用於
KSC 與 IKSC 子板塊之寬厚比限制。試驗證實，IKSC 之改良型刀板接頭能有效防
止連接處發生斷裂，顯著提升構件的累積塑性變形能力。最後，本研究建立了 KSC 與 IKSC 系統之完整設計程序，並透過實驗驗證其有效性。
Title

 

Development and
Cyclic Testing of a New-Generation Knife-Plate-Connected Seismic Stud Column
Damper
Author

 

Po-Chien Hsiao,
Ting-Feng Chen
Keywords

 

seismic stud
columns, knife-plate connections, axial load effects, shear panel dampers
Abstract 
The knife-plate-connected seismic stud column (KSC) is a novel component applied in
special moment-resisting frames (SMF) to enhance energy dissipation efficiency. The KSC
consists of a steel shear panel damper (SPD) and boundary columns on both sides, which are
linked at both ends through knife-plate connections. This innovative design effectively adjusts
the deformation demands of the SPD, thereby improving its deformation capacity. This study
investigates the influence of axial loads on the seismic performance of KSCs through a two-stage
experimental program and verifies the effectiveness of an improved knife-plate connection design
(IKSC). A design methodology for boundary columns, including the transition zone (TZ) and
end connection (EC), is proposed. Experimental results indicate that applying axial loads has no
significant impact on the seismic performance of the KSC, though the cross-sectional dimensions
of the knife plate must be verified. Furthermore, by synthesizing historical research data, this
study establishes width-to-thickness ratio limits for KSC and IKSC sub-panels. The tests confirm
that the improved knife-plate connection of the IKSC effectively prevents fractures at the joints,
significantly enhancing the cumulative plastic deformation capacity of the component. Finally, a complete design procedure for KSC and IKSC systems is established and validated through experimental results.

Q＆A_No.161