第三十三卷第二期 (期別130) (107年)

作者:

第三十三卷第二期 (期別130) (107年)

標題中空鋼骨鋼筋混凝土構材之抗扭耐震效能提昇研究
作者許協隆、洪明德
關鍵字鋼骨鋼筋混凝土、撓曲扭轉行為、斜拉鋼筋
摘要本研究針對中空鋼骨鋼筋混凝土構材於偏心反覆載重下之撓曲扭轉性能進行探討，並以斜拉鋼筋改善構材之相關承載效能，研究中藉由配置不同斜拉鋼筋試體承受扭矩以及不同組合反覆載重之試驗，探討此補強設計對構材極限強度、破壞模式、能量消散行為之影響。研究結果顯示，含斜拉鋼筋之構材在偏心載重作用下，其勁度高於未加斜拉鋼筋之構材，適當配置斜拉鋼筋之構材除強度、韌性以及能量消散能力均較未配置者為佳，構材之扭轉撓曲效能亦可有效提昇，上述結果顯示，應用斜拉鋼筋於中空鋼骨鋼筋混凝土構材設計，具有相當之可行性。
TitleImproving Seismic Performance of Hollow Steel Reinforced Concrete Members with Inclined Bars
AuthorHsieh-Lung Hsu, Ming-Te Hong
Keywordssteel reinforced concrete, flexural-torsional behavior, inclined bars
AbstractThis study focused on the improvement of flexural-torsional behavior of hollow composite members subjected to eccentric cyclic loads. A series of composite members composed of encased steel tubes and reinforced concrete with various inclined bars were fabricated for testing. Member performance was evaluated by the strength, stiffness and energy dissipation during the loading history. Test results showed that the strength of members with inclined bars was significantly increased when subjected to torsion and combined loading coupled with torsion. Enhancement in energy dissipation further validated the applicability of incline bars to the performance improvement of hollow composite members.
標題橫向鋼筋配置方式對包覆填充型箱型柱混凝土圍束效果之影響
作者陳正誠、吳品達、周佳希
關鍵字包覆填充型箱型柱、鋼骨鋼筋混凝土、包覆型SRC 柱、填充型箱型柱
摘要包覆填充型箱型柱的橫向鋼筋，除了外圍之圍束箍筋外通常也需要配置繫筋以滿足規範之要求。但是繫筋受到鋼骨箱型柱的阻撓而無法直通，因此箱型柱板外圍混凝土的圍束往往無法滿足規範的要求。使用「角隅繫筋」、「接力式繫筋」及「側繫筋」為可能解決這個問題的方法。本文以10支大尺寸包覆填充型箱型短柱之軸向載重試驗，探討上述3 種繫筋對於圍束箱型柱外側混凝土的效果。由試驗結果獲得結論如下：（1）角隅繫筋無法提供主筋及角隅混凝土足夠之橫向支承，不能取代一般繫筋，也不能計入橫向鋼筋量。（2）接力式繫筋的作法可以達到圍束箱型柱板外側混凝土的效果，可行性相當高，應該可以計入橫向鋼筋量。（3）側繫筋的構想也相當程度達到圍束箱型柱板外側混凝土的效果，惟側繫筋是否可以直接計入橫向鋼筋量，還需要進一步的研究探討之。
TitleThe Effect of Different Transverse Reinforcement Schemes on the Confinement of Encased Concrete-Filled Box Columns
AuthorCheng-Cheng Chen, Pin-Da Wu, Jia-Xi Zhou
KeywordsEncased Concrete-Filled Steel Box Columns, steel reinforced concrete column, SRC column, encased box column, concrete filled box column.
AbstractThe concrete in a concrete-filled steel box column is confined by the box column. However, the confinement of the concrete outside the box column(referred as outer concrete hereafter) in an encased concrete-filled box column need to be provided by the steel cage which is composed of main reinforcement and transverse reinforcement. Due to the existence of the steel box column, the traditional ties used in RC columns can note be implemented here. In this article, the confinement effect of so called corner tie, combined tie and lateral tie are investigated experimentally. Ten large-sized concrete-encased concrete-filled steel box short columns were tested under monotonic axial compression. Based on the test results obtained, the following conclusions are made: (a) the corner tie was unable to provide sufficient lateral support to the longitudinal bar and corner concrete that required by the design code; (b) the use of combined tie can provide sufficient confinement to the outer concrete, (c) the potential of lateral tie in providing sufficient confinement to the outer concrete is high, however, further research is needed to confirm it.
標題具短衝程阻尼器之調諧質量阻尼器研究
作者賴勇安、孟繁嫣、連冠華、鍾立來
關鍵字調諧質量阻尼器、短衝程阻尼器、最佳化設計、阻尼器衝程
摘要現有調諧質量阻尼器之機構模型，裝設之阻尼器與質量塊的衝程相同，因此為配合質量塊衝程，常需選用較長衝程之阻尼器。長衝程之阻尼器，在製造上須預留相當伸縮之空間予阻尼器，因此阻尼器本身相當龐大，裝設不易，且長衝程阻尼器磨耗較高，於製造上需要較高的精度與油封技術，使其造價及維護費用較高。有鑒於此，本研究針對單純降低調諧質量阻尼器之阻尼器衝程， 提出「具短衝程阻尼器之調諧質量阻尼器(Short-Stroke Damper assembled in Tuned Mass Damper, SSD-TMD)」，並介紹其可行之機構。SSD-TMD 的機構特徵為，將傳統調諧質量阻尼器之彈簧元件分成兩段，使阻尼元件與第一段之彈簧元件並聯後，再與第二段彈簧元件串聯相接質量塊。由於阻尼器衝程與質量塊衝程並不相同，能經由適當設計大幅降低阻尼器之衝程，以避免使用長衝程之阻尼器，且不降低其減振效果。為使短衝程阻尼器消散與長衝程阻尼器等量之能量，因此短衝程阻尼器選用之阻尼係數較高，以提供較大之阻尼力。本文提出之SSD-TMD可行機構之詳細解說，並以傳統調諧質量阻尼器之最佳化設計參數為輔，提出SSD-TMD 之最佳化設計公式及設計流程，供工程師初步設計時參考。由台北101 結構案例分析結果顯示，不論頻率反應函數或是風力歷時模擬，SSD-TMD 皆能有效大幅降低阻尼器衝程，因而使用短衝程阻尼器即可；且如適當選取SSD-TMD 二段彈簧元件之勁度比值，其減振效果及質量塊衝程都可略優於傳統調諧質量阻尼器。
TitleStudy on Short-Stroke Damper Assembled in Tuned Mass Damper
AuthorYong-An Lai, Fan-Yen Meng, Kuan-Hua Lien, Lap-Loi Chung
Keywordstuned mass damper, short-stroke damper, optimal design, damper stroke
AbstractIn the conventional tuned mass damper (TMD), the damper stroke and the mass stroke must be the same, thus the long-stroke dampers are required for implementation in TMD. In addition, a considerable size and higher precision for manufacture of long-stroke damper majorly cause expensive budget for installation and maintenance of the TMD. According to the above features, the“Short-Stroke Damper assembled in Tuned Mass Damper (SSD-TMD)” is proposed in order to reduce the damper stroke in the TMD. In the SSD-TMD, the stiffness of SSD-TMD is separated into two parts. The first part is connected with the viscous damper in parallel. Then, the paralleled system is connected with the stiffness of the second part in series. Afterwards, the mass block is further attached to form the SSD-TMD. This assemblage will produce different strokes between the damper and the mass so that the damper stroke can be significantly mitigated under appropriate design of the stiffnesses and damping coefficient. In this article, the model of the SSD-TMD is firstly proposed. The design formulae and procedure of the SSD-TMD is also proposed by following the optimal design parameters for conventional TMD. The case study of the Taipei 101 structure implemented with the SSD-TMD shows that the damper stroke of the SSD-TMD can be dramatically reduced, so that the short-stroke dampers can be used to replace the long-stroke dampers. Furthermore, with suitable design of the SSD-TMD, both effectiveness of structural vibration reduction and mass stroke of the SSD-TMD can outperform the conventional TMD.
標題老舊建物耐震能力之簡易詳細評估
作者賴昱志、賴濤、鍾立來、黃國倫、楊耀昇、曾建創、林聖學、張筑媛
關鍵字耐震評估、極限基底剪力、現地試驗
摘要近年來台灣所發生的地震如921 大地震，均凸顯老舊建築物耐震能力不足之問題，因而導致人員傷亡，因此提升老舊建物之耐震能力極為重要，其中校舍可能需於震後供避難使用，應優先提升其耐震能力，國家地震中心因而針對發展出一套完整之耐震評估程序，以3 個階段進行篩選，包含簡易調查、初步評估法及詳細評估法，將耐震能力最不足之老舊校舍優先進行補強，以減少成本並提升效率。然國內除校舍外，亦有諸多其它老舊建築物(如：街屋、醫院、行政機關)之耐震能力亦亟需提升，故本研究提出使用極限彎矩平衡法，分別計算所有柱線之極限側向強度，依據其破壞模式，乘上折減係數，最後再進行疊加，可得建築物之極限基底剪力；並依據各柱線不同破壞模式，給予其相對之韌性容量，再依各柱線貢獻之側向強度採加權方式，得知該建物之韌性容量，最後採結構物耐震容量與需求比的方式，於側推分析前初步得知建築物之耐震能力；由於極限彎矩平衡法同時考量弱柱強梁及強柱弱梁之柱線情形，故可用於既有建築物之簡易詳細評估及完成補強設計建築物之簡易詳細評估。本研究初步以桃園縣瑞埔國小標準構架為例，進行簡易詳細評估，驗證其極限基底剪力及耐震容量均較現地試驗保守，故可針對老舊建物進行簡易之耐震評估及補強後之耐震評估，未來可使用此方法建立校舍外之其它老舊建物之初步評估方法，便於工程師使用。
TitleSimplified Seismic Evaluation Method on Old Buildings
AuthorYu-Chih Lai, Tao Lai, Lap-Loi Chung, Guo-Luen Huang, Yao-Sheng Yang, Chien-Chuang Tseng, Sheng-Hsueh Lin, Chu-Yuan Chang
Keywordsseismic evaluation, maximum base shear, in-situ test
AbstractThe earthquakes happen in Taiwan, such as Chi-Chi earthquake, let us know seismic capacity of old buildings is not enough. Because it may cause casualty, it is important to raise seismic ability of those old buildings. School buildings belong to public facility and provide people shelters when their home are damaged seriously by earthquake. Therefore their seismic ability should be raised as soon as possible. National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering (NCREE) proposed complete procedures for seismic evaluation. The procedures of seismic evaluations include: simple survey, preliminary evaluation and detailed evaluation. After screening out school buildings which have less seismic capacity than seismic demand, we need to do seismic retrofit for them. However, there are lots of other old buildings in Taiwan (such as street houses, hospitals and executive agency) need to raise their seismic ability. In this paper, the method use Ultimate Moment Balanced Method to do Simplified Detailed Seismic Evaluation is proposed. The method first evaluates the lateral strength of each column line and multiplied by reduction factor which decided by failure mode of column. And then add lateral strength of each column after reduction, the result is the maximum base shear strength of building. Also, decides the ductility capacity of each column by its failure mode. The ductility capacity of building can be decided by the ductility capacity of each column weighted its lateral strength. Finally, using the ratio of seismic capacity and seismic demand can get the seismic performance of the building before detailed evaluation. Since Ultimate Moment Balanced Method consider both failure mode of strong beam weak column and strong column weak beam, the method can be used on old building either before or after retrofit. This paper takes Ruei Pu elementary school in Taoyuan county as an example to do Simplified Detailed Seismic Evaluation. It is proved that both maximum base shear and seismic capacity are conservative compared to in-situ test. So the method can be used on existing buildings for seismic evaluation. The Simplified Detailed Seismic Evaluation method can be used on establishing the preliminary evaluation method of buildings in addition to school buildings for engineers to application.
標題中高樓結構機率式倒塌風險評估法之應用研究
作者謝瑋桓、盧煉元、蕭輔沛、湯宇仕、黃尹男
關鍵字中高樓建築、機率式評估法、耐震性能評估、倒塌易損分析、風險評估、增量動力分析、非線性歷時分析
摘要都會區由於地狹人稠之故，建築物大多屬於中高樓結構，這些結構若於地震中倒塌或受損所造成的地震災害將不容小覷。因此對於老舊或因設計施工不良具潛在危險性之中高樓建物，吾人實有必要建立一套合理的耐震評估方法，以作為工程實務上篩檢與補強之依據。然而，現行建物評估法大多屬於定量式(deterministic)的非線性靜力側推分析法，此法對於低矮樓房或有其準確性，但卻不易預估中高樓結構高頻振態之反應，亦未能計及震波與設計及施工中所涵有的諸多不確定因子，因此評估結果有可能不夠保守。有鑑於此，本文旨在研議一實用之機率式建物倒塌耐震評估方法與流程，該方法乃結合美國FEMA P-58 之倒塌易損分析法、非線性增量式動力分析法與地震危害度分析法等，以計及結構在強震下的非線性動態特性及地震力的不確定性等項因子。惟因FEMA P-58 對於建物倒塌的判定準則與倒塌性能指標的選擇並無明確的建議。因此，本文乃參採PEER-TBI 與ASCE 41-13 技術報告針對RC 構造建議二項倒塌判定準則，分別稱為「總體結構」與「局部構件」倒塌判定準則。而在倒塌性能指標的訂定方面則參採ASCE 7-10 及FEMA P695建議之倒塌機率容許值，亦即：「最大考量地震力之倒塌機率」小於10%及「50年內倒塌超越機率」小於1%，作為判定建物是否有倒塌疑慮之標準。其中，前者之最大考量地震力可採用我國設計規範之值，十分方便實務之應用；而後者則須配合工址所在之地震危害度曲線加以計算，有利建物所有人作為承擔風險決策之用。最後，再以一實際倒塌的中高樓建物案例說明本文所建議倒塌性能評估法之執行程序。
TitleProbabilistic assessment of seismic performance and collapse risk for mid-rise buildings
AuthorWei-Huan Hsieh, Lyan-Ywan Lu, Fu-PeiHsiao, Yu-Shi Tang, Yin-Nan Huang
KeywordsWei-Huan Hsieh, Lyan-Ywan Lu, Fu-PeiHsiao, Yu-Shi Tang, Yin-Nan Huang Mid-rise building, seismic performance assessment, probabilistic assessment, collapse fragility analysis, risk assessment, incremental dynamic analysis, nonlinear time history analysis
AbstractMid-rise buildings, which are usually heavily populated, are very common structures in urban areas. The casualty and social impact caused by the collapse of mid-rise buildings in an earthquake can not be overestimated. Therefore, developing suitable assessment methods to identify the buildings with high collapse risk becomes a critical issue. Even though traditional seismic assessment methods, which usually employ nonlinear static pushover analysis, have been successfully applied to regular low-rise buildings, these methods are unable to reflect higher-mode effect on the responses of mid-rise buildings. Furthermore, a traditional approach usually leads to a deterministic result that could not account for the uncertainty in seismic motions and structural responses of a mid-rise building, which is usually more complicated and involves more structural uncertainties than a low-rise building. To this end, this paper presents a procedure and methodology to assess the collapse risk of a mid-rise building. This methodology is developed based on the collapse fragility analysis proposed by FEMA P-58, the collapse criteria proposed by PEER-TBI and ASCE 41-13, and acceptance criteria suggested by ASCE 41-13 and FEMA 356. To establish the fragility curves, this approach employs nonlinear time history analysis together with the method of incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) to estimate structural response parameters. Finally, for demonstration, the proposed assessment method is applied to assess the collapse risk of a mid-rise building that collapsed in an earthquake.