第三十三卷第一期 (期別129) (107年)

作者:

第三十三卷第一期 (期別129) (107年)

標題新竹科學園區1990年代之十層樓鋼構造標準廠房微振動長期監測及耐震能力評估
作者周中哲、曾冠霖、凌郁婷
關鍵字新竹鋼構造標準廠房、微振動、耐震能力、非韌性抗彎矩接頭
摘要新竹科學園區建立於1979年，為臺灣重要經濟支柱，然而臺灣地震頻繁，平時的微振動影響廠內精密儀器的精度以及製程良率，中小型地震下可能造成儀器損壞；強震則可能造成結構物破壞，危及廠內生命財產。為瞭解各種等級振動對既有廠房的影響，本研究在科技部的補助下以新竹科學園區內於1991年完成設計，1995年完工的第一座鋼構造高層標準廠房進行長期微振動監測以及耐震能力評估；監測系統蒐集該廠房2015年1月至2015年10月的微振動資料，並分析微振動等級及來源，監測期間收集多次中小型地震紀錄，並涵蓋數次的強颱事件(如2015年蘇迪勒及杜鵑颱風)，瞭解結構物在地震力及風力擾動下的反應特性。為瞭解廠房是否滿足現行規範的耐震要求，本研究根據1989年臺灣建築技術規則與現行臺灣建築物耐震設計規範(2011)計算地震力，並利用長期監測資料校正廠房的數值分析模型，進行結構物非線性側推分析與設計地震力(DBE)及最大考量地震力(MCE)下的20組非線性地震歷時分析，評估此廠房耐震能力。
TitleLong-Term Micro-Vibration Monitoring and Seismic Performance Evaluation of an Existing 10-Story Steel Factory in Hsinchu Science Park
AuthorChung-Che Chou, Steven Tsuang, Yu-Ting Ling
KeywordsSteel factory, Micro-vibration, Seismic performance, Moment connection
AbstractThe Hsinchu Science Park was opening in 1979 and becomes a very important high-tech area in Taiwan to support the economic growth. This work supported by the MOST, Taiwan focused on the micro-vibration and seismic performance of an existing 10-story steel factory that was designed in 1991 and completed in 1995 in Hsinchu Science Park, Taiwan. A few velocity and acceleration meters were used to monitor the building micro-vibration and performance during earthquakes and typhoons. The monitoring duration is from January to October, 2015 while Typhoons Soudelor and Dujuan and several small earthquakes hit the building. The recorded data was used to (1) evaluate the factory performance in terms of micro-vibration in vertical and longitudinal directions, and (2) adjust the building computer model such as the fundamental period and damping ratio. Then, the nonlinear pushover analysis and time history analyses were conducted on the factory model to obtain seismic demands on design-based and maximum-considered earthquake levels.
標題鋼筋混凝土柱最大可能彎矩強度
作者歐昱辰、蔡東均
關鍵字鋼筋混凝土、柱、最大可能彎矩強度、高強度、軸力
摘要在耐震設計中，吾人須求取柱之最大可能彎矩強度Mprc，以進行剪力容量設計。所謂最大可能彎矩強度為斷面在考慮材料超強效應（真實強度大於標稱強度、混凝土圍束效應、鋼筋應變硬化等）與各種設計軸力作用下所可能產生的最大彎矩。現行混凝土結構設計規範與橋梁耐震設計規範各設有一套最大可能彎矩強度計算方法，過去研究顯示此二法之保守程度會隨軸壓力比之增加而降低，其中又以壓力控制斷面之柱構件尤其明顯。為確認前述現象，本研究計算297 組柱試驗彎矩強度與標稱彎矩強度之比值，經比對後發現該比值與軸壓力比呈顯著正相關，相符於過去研究結果。為確認前述現象之主因，本研究進一步以數學式推導證明混凝土圍束效應會使此現象發生。考量此現象，本研究發展一套最大可能彎矩強度建議通用式，在材料實測強度已知的情況下，可通用於普通強度與高強度柱構件最大可能彎矩強度之計算。為驗證建議通用式之保守性，本研究計算柱之最大可能彎矩強度，結果顯示混凝土結構設計規範於多數柱呈現不保守，現行橋梁耐震設計規範則顯著改善此現象，然而對高軸壓力比之試體仍普遍得不保守計算結果，本研究建議通用式則可滿足規範一般對保守程度之要求，變異性亦屬三個算法中最低者。另外，為便於設計時使用，本研究另發展兩套最大可能彎矩強度建議式，在僅知材料規定強度的情況下，分別適用於普通強度與高強度柱構件。此二建議式經比對發現可得相近於建議通用式的計算結果。
TitleMaximum probable moment strengths of reinforced concrete columns
AuthorYu-Chen Ou, Tung-Chun Tsai
Keywordsreinforced concrete, columns, maximum probable moment strength, high strength, axial force
AbstractIn seismic design, the maximum probable moment strengths of columns need to be calculated for shear design. The maximum probable moment strength is the maximum possible moment strength considering material overstrengths (e.g. actual strengths higher than specified ones, concrete confinement, strain hardening of reinforcement, etc.) and the range of factored axial load acting on the column. Both the codes for design of reinforced concrete structures and seismic design of bridges have include their own provisions to calculate the maximum probable moment strength. Earlier studies have shown that both the code methods tend to show unconservative results with increasing axial compression, particularly for compression-controlled sections. In this research, the ratios of measured moment strength to nominal moment strength of 297 column specimens were examined. The examination confirmed that the ratios increased with increasing axial compression and found that it is mainly due to the effect of concrete confinement. To account for the phenomenon, a general equation for maximum probable moment strength of normal and high-strength columns was developed based on actual material strengths. Comparison with the test data of the 297 columns showed that the proposed equation produced conservative predictions for most of the columns. In contrast, current code equations for reinforced concrete structures and for seismic design of bridges produced unconservative predictions for most of the columns. Moreover, the predictions by the proposed equation showed smaller standard deviation than those by the current code methods. Based on the general equation, two equations were developed based on specified material strengths for normal and high-strength columns. Comparison with the test data of the 297 columns showed the two equations produced results similar to the proposed general equation.
標題含開口鋼筋混凝土牆非韌性構架試驗研究
作者曾建創、陳力平、黃世建
關鍵字鋼筋混凝土、開口剪力牆、開窗、開門、剪力強度、試驗研究
摘要本研究設計了六座對台灣低矮型建築具代表性之含開口鋼筋混凝土牆非韌性構架試體，於國家地震工程研究中心（National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering, NCREE）進行試驗。共規劃三個系列，每個系列各二座試體：單一開窗試體、雙開窗試體以及單一開門試體。實驗結果顯示，開窗寬度較小的試體，因保有翼牆的特性，其翼牆能讓剪力強度明顯提昇。雙開窗試體，於兩開窗中間的垂直牆段，其強度的貢獻，與其高長比有明顯的差異。而單一開門系列的試體，其開門上方所增加的垂壁，對試體的剪力強度提昇效果不大，但會因開門兩側垂直牆段的高長比，明顯影響試體的韌性表現。關於含開口鋼筋混凝土牆的剪力強度計算，ACI 318-14 規範中已有明確的計算公式，本文利用ACI 318 的建議公式來計算剪力強度並與實驗值作比較，以驗證ACI 318-14 規範針對含開口RC 牆的剪力強度預測之適用性。
TitleExperimental Study of Non-ductile Frame Infilled with RC Shear Wall with Openings
AuthorChien-Chuang Tseng, Li-Ping Chen, Shyh-Jiann Hwang
Keywordsreinforced concrete, shear wall with openings, window openings, door openings, shear strength, experimental study
AbstractIn this study, six specimens of non-ductile RC infilled frames with openings were designed according to the typical low-rise buildings in Taiwan, and these specimens were tested in NCREE. Specimens were categorized into three series, such as single window opening, double window openings and single door opening, and each series has two specimens. Test results indicated that the smaller width of window opening can increase shear strength significantly due to the contribution of wing wall. For the specimens of double window openings, shear strength of vertical wall segments between two window openings is significantly lower as compared with its height-to-length ratio. For the specimens of single door opening, the experimental results showed shear strength only increased slightly by its overhanging wall. In addition, it was indicated that the ductility of the specimen is significantly improved because the larger vertical dimension of door opening can yield higher height-to-length ratio of vertical wall segment. ACI 318-14 building code has equations to predict the shear strength of RC wall with openings. In this paper, ACI 318 building code was used to calculate shear strength and compared with the experimental results to check the applicability of ACI 318-14 code on predicting the shear strength of RC wall with openings applicability.
標題採托架支承配置挫屈束制支撐之新建RC構架設計、試驗與抗震性能分析
作者林庭立、吳安傑、王孔君、蔡克銓
關鍵字挫屈束制支撐、鋼筋混凝土結構、托架、梁柱接頭、非線性動力歷時分析
摘要本文針對採Z 字形（zigzag）配置挫屈束制支撐（buckling-restrained brace,BRB）於新建鋼筋混凝土（reinforced concrete, RC）構架中的接合介面進行探討，依據現行耐震設計規範提出一棟含BRB 之12 層樓RC 結構設計例。為了解所提接合方式之施工性與耐震性能，擷取設計例中位於10 樓的RC梁柱接頭處進行細部設計，並製作含接合板基座及托架之實尺寸梁與柱節點子結構試體進行反覆載重試驗。試驗結果顯示，接頭處之接合板基座及托架未發生明顯損壞，可有效傳遞BRB 與RC 構架間的力量，並證實所提接合方式之設計與施工方法可供工程實務應用。為更進一步探討整體結構系統受震反應，本研究採用三種地震危害度（SLE, DBE and MCE）共240組含近斷層之地震加速度歷時進行非線性動力歷時分析。分析結果顯示，整體結構系統高模態振動反應並不顯著，三種危害度地震下BRB 最大抗層間側力比例平均值分別為23%（SLE）、21%（DBE）及19%（MCE）；DBE及MCE 等級地震下，最大層間側位移角則分別為0.0182 及0.0232 弧度。此外，接合板基座之最大水平向拉力需求可採相鄰兩組BRB 可能發展之最大拉力強度水平向合力之70%進行設計。
TitleSeismic Design and Tests of the Beam-column Joint in a Buckling-Restrained RC Braced Frame
AuthorTing-Li Lin, An-Chien Wu, Kung-Juin Wang, Keh-Chyuan Tsai
Keywordsbuckling-restrained brace, reinforced concrete structure, corbel, beam-column joint, nonlinear response history analysis
AbstractIn this study, the brace connection performance in the new reinforced concrete (RC) frame buildings with buckling-restrained braces (BRBs) arranged in a zigzag configuration is investigated. A 12-story buckling-restrained braced RC building is proposed following the model building codes as a prototype. In order to verify the constructability and the seismic performance of the proposed connection, the beam-column joint at the tenth floor selected as the sub-assemblage specimen was designed and fabricated. The full-scale sub-assemblage, including the BRB gusset bracket and a pair of RC corbels, in the proposed BRB-RCF structural system was tested using cyclic loading procedure. Test results demonstrate that the proposed BRB-to-RC connection details performed very well without failure in the steel gusset bracket or the RC corbels. The design and construction of the sub-assemblage specimen show the feasibility of the proposed system for practical applications. In order to further gain insights into the seismic performance of the BRB-RCF system, nonlinear response history analyses were conducted using a total of 240 (SLE, DBE and MCE) ground accelerations. Analysis results indicate that the mean maximum total BRB shear to base story shear ratios are about 23%, 21% and 19% for SLE, DBE and MCE, respectively. The maximum inter-story drift ratios under the DBE and MCE events are 1.82% and 2.32%, respectively. Analysis results also suggest that the high mode effect is moderate. It is found that the peak demand of the horizontal tension force on the gusset bracket can be estimated by considering 70% of the sum of the horizontal force components computed from the maximum tension strengths of two adjacent BRBs.
標題台灣混凝土潛變收縮資料庫建置及特質分析
作者陳振川、廖文正、劉庭愷、秦維邑
關鍵字混凝土、潛變、收縮、高爐石粉、飛灰、資料庫
摘要本研究彙整台灣近半世紀潛變及收縮試驗資料，參考國際上資料庫的參數組成及資料架構，並與前所建立台灣既有混凝土資料庫結合，建立「台灣混凝土潛變收縮資料庫」。其中收錄82 篇文獻，包含潛變試驗156 組及收縮試驗303 組，並對於其材料性質、配比、摻料用量、試體幾何、養護條件等試驗情況皆有紀錄。本研究透過與文獻探討和國際資料庫資料的分析比較，證實台灣混凝土配比設計中，在相同設計強度目標，具有使用高水泥量及漿體量，及使用彈性模數較低之本土粒料的特性。最後，本文成果除了將台灣資料庫併入世界混凝土資料庫，並可用以建立台灣混凝土潛變與收縮預測公式，亦期望能奠定世界資料庫發展至雲端化、網頁化之基礎。
TitleDevelopment and Analysis of Creep and Shrinkage Database of Concrete in Taiwan
AuthorJenn-Chaun Chern, Wen-Cheng Liao, Ting-Kai Liu, Wei-Yi Chin
KeywordsConcrete, Creep, Shrinkage, Slag, Fly Ash, Database
AbstractThe present study begins with the organization of recent half a century data on the shrinkage and creep testing, and proceeds to refer the parameter formation and data structure in international databases, and combines those with present concrete databases in Taiwan to create the Database on Creep and Shrinkage of Taiwan Concrete. The database incorporates 82 documents, 156 data sets for concrete creep tests, and 303 data sets for concrete shrinkage tests. The material properties, the mix designs, the admixture amounts, the geometry of the test specimens, and the test conditions, for each test, are well documented in this database. Through comparisons with international database analyses and literature reviews, this study has verified that the mix design of concrete in Taiwan, for comparable design strength targets, tends to have the following characteristics: high cement amounts, and low elastic moduli of local aggregate. Finally, this study, in addition to incorporating the Taiwan database into the international concrete databases, is also expected to serve as a base to facilitate the development of the worldwide database with a cloud-based web platform for the world.