第三十卷第三期 (期別119) (104年)
| 標題 | 考慮構件剪力跨深比影響之高強度鋼筋混凝土梁剪力裂縫控制 |
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| 作者 | 邱建國、林芳慶、陳少謙、紀凱甯 |
| 關鍵字 | 高強度鋼筋混凝土、剪力強度、裂縫寬度、剪力跨深比、使用性、修復性 |
| 摘要 | 本研究共進行十組四點荷重之簡支梁試驗，其中兩組斷面尺寸為400mm(寬)×700 mm(深)，試體長度為6600mm，其餘八組試體斷面尺寸為350mm(寬)×500 mm(深)，試體長度為4600mm 及2600mm 各四組，依剪力跨深比分為3.33、3.25、2.75、2.0 和1.75 五種，皆使用SD685 之主筋(6 根)搭配SD785 之箍筋(箍筋間距300mm)，拉力筋比為2.04%及3.5%，箍筋比為0.21%及0.24%，混凝土強度為70-100MPa。上述試體規劃主要以剪力跨深比為參數，針對高強度鋼筋混凝土梁於剪力破壞下之剪力裂縫發展行為，除探討國外規範建議公式之適用性外，將依剪力裂縫角度、裂縫寬度(最大值與殘留值)及構件變形角之量化關係，建立梁構件剪力變形角之評估公式，且由混凝土剪力開裂應力、混凝土極限剪應力及構件斷面平均剪應力採線性迴歸之方法，建議各構件性能點之混凝土容許剪應力及箍筋容許應力，並建立高強度鋼筋混凝土梁構件使用性能確保及修復性能確保下，各構件性能點之容許剪應力計算公式。 |
| Title | Shear Crack Control for High-strength Reinforced Concrete Beams Considering the Shear-span to Depth Ratio of Member |
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| Author | Chien-Kuo Chiu, Fang-Cing Lin, Shao-Cian Chen, Kai-Ning Chi |
| Keywords | high-strength reinforced concrete, shear crack, span-depth ratio, serviceability, reparability |
| Abstract | This work tests ten full-size simple-supported beam specimens with the high-strength reinforcing steel bars (SD685 and SD785) using the four-point loading. The measured compressive strength of the concrete is in the range of 70-100 MPa. The main variable considered in the study is the shear-span to depth ratio. Base on the experimental date that include maximum shear crack width, residual shear crack width, angle of the main crack and shear drift ratio, a simplified equation are proposed to predict the shear deformation of the HSRC beam member. Besides of the post-earthquake damage assessment, these results can also be used to build the performance-based design for HSRC structures. And using the allowable shear stress at the peak maximum shear crack width of 0.4 mm and 1.0 mm to suggest the design formulas that can ensure serviceability (long-term loading) and reparability (short-term loading) for shear-critical high-strength reinforced concrete (HSRC) beam members. |
| 標題 | 輕質粒料鋼筋混凝土版力學行為之研究 |
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| 作者 | 干裕成、顏聰、黃中和、林瑞陞 |
| 關鍵字 | 輕質粒料、鋼筋混凝土版、撓曲、剪力 |
| 摘要 | 本文主要在研究鋼筋輕質混凝土簡支版承受集中載重下之行為模式，並與普通鋼筋混凝土版進行比較，去探討混凝土版構件在不同變數下之力學行為。本研究共製作32 塊版構件，其變數有強度、配筋模式、版厚度等，主要在探討輕質混凝土版之承載力、延展性及破壞能等性質。研究結果顯示，雖然多數混凝土版構件之破壞模式未合乎降伏線理論之預期，且多呈現貫穿破壞情形，但版實際之極限承載力試驗值卻頗接近於理論分析值。另外，比較相同鋼筋量配置的混凝土版構件，鋼筋間距95mm 單層筋版之承載力皆高於鋼筋間距為190-190mm 雙層筋版，但後者所需之破壞能則較大且韌性較佳。 |
| Title | A Study of Mechanical Behavior of Reinforced Lightweight Concrete Slab |
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| Author | Yu-Cheng Kan, Ruey-Sheng Lin, Tsong Yen, Chung-Ho Hwang |
| Keywords | Lightweight aggregate, RC slab, flexural, shearing |
| Abstract | The mechanical behavior of simply-supported reinforced lightweight concrete slab under a concentrated load is investigated herein. The test results were also compared to those obtained from normal concrete slabs. Totally 32 slabs in various strengths, thicknesses and rebar arrangements were fabricated and tested. The ultimate load, ductility and failure pattern were examined in each load test. The test results showed that the ultimate load of the slabs turned out very close to those calculated based on yield line theory. For the slab with the same amount of reinforcement, the slab including singly-reinforcement in 95 mm spacing performs higher load capacity than those including double- reinforced rebar with 190 mm spacing, but the latter needs more fracture energy and performs more ductile. |
| 標題 | 直接彎矩平衡之極限基底剪力 |
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| 作者 | 范揚志、鍾立來、楊卓諺、劉紹魁、洪維良、陳陸民 |
| 關鍵字 | 極限基底剪力、耐震評估、塑性彎矩 |
| 摘要 | 建築技術規則明訂高樓結構需要檢核極限基底剪力，乃確保每樓層都有一定程度的抗剪能力，且沒有劇烈之勁度變化。針對現行之規範，其並未明確訂定極限基底剪力之計算方式。本文提出直接彎矩平衡法，嘗試取出結構體中之一柱線為自由體，以直接彎矩平衡求得該柱線之極限基底剪力，對其餘各柱線以同樣方式計算並加總後，便可以求得整體結構之極限基底剪力，並與業界常見之勁度分配法與彈塑性比例法做比較並採用案例作分析。由分析結果驗證直接彎矩平衡法之可行性，對於現代建物，其有強柱弱梁之特性，因此工程師得以使用直接彎矩平衡法來分析其極限基底剪力。 |
| Title | Ultimate Base Shear by Direct Moment Equilibrium |
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| Author | Yang-Chih Fan, Lap-Loi Chung, Cho-Yen Yang, Shao-KueiLiu, Wei-Liang Hung , Lu-Min Chen |
| Keywords | ultimate base shear, seismic evaluation, plastic moment |
| Abstract | The verification of ultimate story shear is asked by building code to ensure the shear strength is sufficient and no significant variation of stiffness for each story. However, there is no exact definition about calculation of ultimate story shear from the current building code. In this paper, a new method named direct moment equilibrium method is proposed. The ultimate shear is determined by directly taking moment equilibrium for each column. The ultimate story shear is obtained by taking summation of ultimate shear from each column. The proposed direct moment equilibrium method is also compared with two other methods which are familiar in practical application. Finally, the complexity of calculation and feasibility of the direct moment equilibrium method are verified. |
| 標題 | 鋼板補強結構鋼板黏結狀況非破壞檢測最新發展及案例 |
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| 作者 | 鄭家齊、許耿蒼、黃啟倫、林宗志、潘彥廷 |
| 關鍵字 | 混凝土、鋼板補強、非破壞檢測、應力波、板波、敲擊回音 |
| 摘要 | 台灣公共工程以鋼板補強之結構眾多，部份結構修補已超過二十年，例如台北捷運文湖線高架軌道的墩柱，統計全線有兩百多根樑柱出現帽樑裂縫即是以鋼板包覆補強，在歷經二十年之長期營運震動環境及地震作用下，鋼板與混凝土間結合狀況不得而知。本篇介紹兩種以應力波檢測鋼板黏結狀況的方法，分別是敲擊回音法的正規化頻譜法，以及板波頻散曲線檢測法，並將此兩法應用於實際鋼板補強樓板案例，經由鑽心驗證成功證明兩種方法均能有效檢測鋼板與混凝土間黏結狀況。板波檢測的優點是可快速的由可感測時間原點敲擊源的單次敲擊，評估敲擊及接受器間測線40公分長度下方的介面黏結狀況，因此可由板波檢測法快速篩選鋼板補強結構有介面黏結問題的區域，再以敲擊回音正規化分析對問題區域做細部的檢測，達到快速且精確評估鋼板剝離的範圍的目的。 |
| Title | The latest development of using non-destructive test method for detecting the bonding condition of steel plate reinforced structure with field study |
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| Author | Chia-Chi Cheng, Keng-Tsang Hsu, Chi-Luen Huang, Tsung-Chi Lin, Yeng-Ting Pan |
| Keywords | concrete, steel plate reinforcement, non-destructive test, stress wave, impact-echo, Lamb wave |
| Abstract | In Taiwan, many infrastructural facilitiesuse steel plate to reinforce the structural member. Some of the repaired structures has been operated for 20 years. For example, cracks were found on the pier capping beams of more than 200 viaducts alone the Taipei MRT Wenhu lineduring construction and were repaired by covering the steel jacket. Experiencing long-term operational vibrations and earthquakes events for 20 years, the bonding condition between the steel plate and concrete isleft unknown. In this article, twomethods based on stress wave propagation for assessing the bonding condition between the steel plate and concrete were introduced – impact-echo normalized spectrum and the dispersion curve of the fundamental Lamb wave mode of steel plate. The validation of the two methods in field study is realized by applying tests on the steel plate reinforced floor of a food factory. The areas lack of epoxy fillings between the steel plate and concrete were identified using both methods andthe bonding conditions are confirmed by core drilling. The Lamb wave method, which is able to assess the bonding condition under the 400 mm test line, can be served as the tool for quick assessment while the impact-echo tests can be applied on the questionable area for detail identification of the poor-bond area. |
| 標題 | 考量位能效應之可變勁度隔震系統研發與應用 |
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| 作者 | 陳啟仁、林子剛、盧煉元 |
| 關鍵字 | 勁度可變、隔震系統、槓桿式勁度可控隔震系統、結構控制、半主動控制、最佳動位能比例法 |
| 摘要 | 台灣地處環太平洋地震帶，在集集大地震過後隔減震研究更受到重視。傳統隔震系統面臨近域地震時，會造成隔震層位移有嚴重放大之問題。為解決此問題，本研究致力開發考量位能特性之智慧型半主動結構控制律。研究首先以過去發展之隔減震控制律為基礎，增加考慮位能特性及位能權重參數，使能量考量更為全面，以研發出更具效益之智慧型半主動控制律。在數值模擬與試驗部分，考慮整體結構為多自由度之情況，使得模型符合實際需求，進而提升本系統可靠度。研究已開發完成半主動控制理論，其成效與傳統控制律相比，本研究提出之控制律可有效降低隔震層位移，且加速度反應亦具有更為良好之成效。於高雄第一科技大學進行之振動台試驗顯示近域地震情況下隔震位移可降至原反應的71%，且各控制律理論模擬與實驗情形相符。 |
| Title | Development and Application of Vibration Isolation System with Adaptive Stiffness Considering Potential Energy |
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| Author | Chi-Jen Chen, Tzu-Kang Lin, Lyan-Ywan Lu |
| Keywords | Potential energy, Semi-active control, near-fault earthquake, MEW |
| Abstract | In recent years, a study of semi-active isolation system named Leverage-type Stiffness Controllable Isolation System (LSCIS) was proposed. The main concept of the LSCIS is to adjust the stiffness in the isolator for the fundamental period of the superstructure by a simple leverage mechanism. Although great performance has been achieved with the support of an algorithm considering the least input energy in far-field earthquakes, some result still reveal that the proposed system is not suitable in application for near-fault strong ground motion. To overcome this problem, an upgraded algorithm is proposed by considering the potential energy effect in the semi-active structural control system in this study. Firstly, the new algorithm is developed with the combination of the potential energy (Ep) and the kinetic energy (Ep) as the control objective to reduce the structural displacement responses efficiently. The optimal weightings between the potential and kinetic energy are then determined through a series of near-fault earthquake simulation. In order to demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm, a two-degree-of-freedom structure is used as a benchmark in both numerical simulation and experimental verification. The results have shown that the dynamic response of the structure can be effectively alleviated by the proposed algorithm under both far-field and near-fault earthquakes, while the structural responses by the original algorithm may be worse than the pure passive control. The feasibility of implementing the proposed system has also been experimentally verified. |