第三十卷第二期 (期別118) (104年)

作者:

第三十卷第二期 (期別118) (104年)

標題斜張橋懸臂施工過程之結構分析與探討
作者宋裕祺、王俊穎、張英發
關鍵字人工智慧、最佳化分析、施工階段分析
摘要長跨徑斜張橋在建造時常須採行懸臂施工方式，施工過程中橋梁結構型態、邊界條件及其受力狀況會隨施工階段之更迭而變化，為能確保閉合階段斜張橋之結構行為接近全橋設計的成果，懸臂施工過程之結構分析實屬重要。為此，本研究結合遺傳演算法(GA)與粒子群演算法(PSO)，建立自動求解之最佳化正裝分析流程，並以社子大橋為案例進行分析與探討，結果顯示本文所提方法可得到各施工階段合理的鋼索預力值與結構狀態，供為擬訂施工規劃之參考。
TitleStudy on Structural Analysis of Cantilever Erection Process for Cable-Stayed Bridges
AuthorYu-Chi Sung, Chun-Ying Wang, Eng-Hwa Teo
KeywordsArtificial intelligence, Optimization analysis, Construction stage analysis
AbstractCantilever erection method is popularly used in construction of long span cable-stayed bridges. The structural configuration, boundary condition and construction loading are changed sequentially during erection process. In order to make the eventual structural performance at final erection stage consistent to the design of complete bridge, structural analysis of erection process is indeed important. This study used hybrid GA to develop an automatic analysis for cantilever erection process of the cable-stayed bridges. The case study was performed and the analytical results were discussed. The results obtained show the method developed can deal with the optimum construction planning of cable-stayed bridges using cantilever erection.
標題鋼骨箱型柱與內橫隔板T形電熱熔渣銲道接合品質研究
作者林兗強、莊勝智、李昭賢、林志翰
關鍵字鋼骨箱型柱、電熱熔渣銲、橫隔板、超音波檢測、熱影響區、沙丕凹槽韌性、硬度
摘要電熱熔渣銲(Electro-slag Welds，ESW)為鋼骨箱型柱製作柱內橫隔板最有效率的銲接方法之一，因此台灣鋼骨建築結構之箱型柱構件，廣泛使用ESW 做為柱內橫隔板與柱板接合之銲接方法。過去有關實尺寸鋼骨箱型柱之梁柱接合，對應柱內橫隔板與柱板採 ESW 銲接之接合者，經統計約超過25%之柱板與柱內橫隔板間 ESW 銲道接合，發生非預期性的脆性破壞，造成其梁柱接合在未充分發展非線性變形前即發生脆性斷裂。由破壞面之巨觀金相照片觀察發現，ESW 銲道偏移導致部分熔填不足，為造成此破壞的主要因素。本文針對箱型柱柱板與內橫隔板 ESW 銲接接合之力學特性、製作程序、與超音波檢測技術等進行研究，結果顯示，由於 ESW 銲接入熱量極高，導致熱量在不易消散之柱板側母材熱影響區(heat affected zone, HAZ) 發生顯著脆化現象，同時也發現，現行 ESW 銲道製作程序無法穩定地獲得預期的銲道品質，此可藉由適當的非破壞超音波試驗法，採用正確的檢驗程序與合理的檢測標準進行檢測， 得以經濟的方法獲得可確保的銲道品質。因此本文也提出一套完整且適用於鋼骨箱型柱中柱板與橫隔板 ESW 銲道接合的製作細節、超音波檢測程序與檢測標準，以排除箱型柱內柱板與橫隔板 ESW 銲道接合的製作偏移，而造成部分銲道熔透不足的現象發生， 以提升鋼骨箱型柱內橫隔板 ESW 銲道的製作品質，達到確保其梁柱接合能滿足規範要求之變形能力。
TitleQuality Assessments on T-Shape Electro-Slag Welds (ESWs) of Internal Diaphragm to Box-Column Plate
AuthorKer-Chun Lin, Sheng-Jhih Jhuang, Chao-Hsien Li, Chih-Han Lin
Keywordssteel box column, electro-slag welds (ESW), diaphragm, ultrasonic testing (UT), heat affected zone (HAZ), Charpy V-notch (CVN) toughness, hardness
AbstractThe welding procedure of electro-slag welds (ESW) is one of the most efficient welding methods for a T-shape joint of internal diaphragm to column plate of steel box column. Therefore, it is widely used to steel building structures in order to save making time of steel structure fabrication shop in Taiwan. Unfortunately, according to the past research results on beam-to-column connection with the box column, there was at least 25% fractured probability of ESWs joints, join internal diaphragm to column plate of the box column, to occur unacceptably premature brittle-fracture before its beam end’s plastic hinge not developing. Based on observation of macro metallurgical photos from the past studies, local inadequate melting due to welds bias is one of the most important factors to result in this failure mode. To prevent the ESW from fracture in the beam-to-column connection, this research focused on mechanical characteristics of ESW and near parts, fabrication procedure of the existing ESW in Taiwan and ultrasonic testing (UT) technology. The research results indicated that the ESW joint between internal diaphragm and column plate of the box column due to its high heat-input caused heat affected zone (HAZ) on base metal of the column plate brittle under its slow heat-dissipation from the column plate. In addition, the existing ESW technology can’t be effectively controlled and obtain stable quality of welds. However, the UT is a feasible and most economic nondestructive method to inspect the ESW welds. This research proposed an integral UT inspection technology include inspecting sensors, procedure and acceptable criteria. A fabricated detail also was advised in this paper to prevent the ESW from local inadequate melting. The proposed technologies of fabrication and inspection can not only effectively ensure the ESW quality but also significantly increase seismic performance of the steel beam-to-box column connections.
標題SERCB及NCREE軟體所決定RC梁柱構件剪力塑性鉸性質差異性之探討
作者高金盛、孫郁鈞、張靖
關鍵字梁柱構件、剪力、塑性鉸性質、耐震能力
摘要921 集集大地震之後，國內技師利用 SERCB 或 NCREE 軟體，積極展開低矮校舍結構之耐震能力評估及補強工作，至今十餘年，已累積相當豐富經驗。在國人對此二軟體充分熟悉之後，以及前文[1]在針對此二軟體所決定RC 梁柱構件彎矩塑性鉸性質差異性及其對 RC 建築結構耐震能力評估結果之影響進行深入探討後，本文繼續針對此二軟體所決定 RC 梁柱構件剪力塑性鉸性質差異性及其對 RC 建築結構耐震能力評估結果之影響，進行深入探討，藉以瞭解此二軟體是否有值得改善之處。
TitleInvestigation on the Differences between the Property of Shear Plastic Hinge of RC Beam and Column Members Determined by SERCB and NCREE Software
AuthorChin-Sheng Kao, Yu-Chun Sun, Jim Chang
KeywordsBeam and Column Members, Shear, Property of Plastic Hinge, Seismic Capability
AbstractSince the 921 Chi-chi earthquake, domestic technicians have used SERCB and NCREE software to actively assess and reinforce the seismic capacity of low-rise school structures for over ten years, and have accumulated a significant amount of experience. Now as domestic people have already fully understood these two sets of software and after the differences between the property of moment plastic hinge of RC beam and column members determined by these two sets of software have been investigated in the previous paper[1], this paper continues investigate the differences between the property of shear plastic hinge of RC beam and column members determined by these two sets of software as well as their impact on the assessment results of the seismic capacity of RC buildings structure in order to confirm whether there are areas of improvement for these two sets of software.
標題鋼筋混凝土含牆結構物非線性靜力分析之研究
作者陳信宏、蔡益超
關鍵字RC牆、等值柱、側向載重－側向位移反應、非線性靜力分析
摘要瞭解 RC 牆其側向載重－側向位移反應，乃是 RC 含牆結構物進行非線性靜力分析及評估其耐震能力的重要工作。本文說明如何適當地計算軸力－彎矩 作用下 RC 牆之彎矩－彎曲位移反應及使用修正壓力場理論(MCFT)與考量RC 牆高深比(Hin/Lw)之影響，計算軸力－剪力作用下 RC 牆之剪力－剪位移反應。經上述兩反應的結合，可以合理地決定 RC 牆於軸力－剪力－彎矩互制下之側向載重－側向位移反應。此外，本文於 SAP2000 或 ETABS 程式下， 建立一 6 層 RC 含牆及一 6 層開氣窗 RC 含牆構架，說明如何以等值柱模擬 RC 牆，並設置相關之塑鉸以進行非線性靜力分析，提供給工程師於應用上作為參考。
TitleA nonlinear static analysis study of a RC structure with walls
AuthorHsin-Hung Chen, I-Chau Tsai
KeywordsRC wall, equivalent column, lateral load-lateral displacement response, nonlinear static analysis
AbstractKnowing a lateral load-lateral displacement response of an RC wall is an important work of executing nonlinear static analysis and evaluating earthquake-resistant capacity of an RC structure with RC walls. This paper explains how to calculate the moment-bending displacement response of an RC wall under axial load and moment properly, and calculate the shear-shear displacement response of the RC wall under axial load and shear by using the modified compression-field theory (MCFT) with considering the effect of the height-depth ratio (Hin/Lw). By integrating the moment-bending displacement response and the shear-shear displacement response, the lateral load-lateral displacement response of the RC wall under axial load-moment-shear interaction can be decided reasonably. In addition, to provide an application illustration for engineers, this paper establishes a 6 floor RC structure with walls and a 6 floor RC structure with walls containing windows to explain how to use an equivalent column model to simulate an RC wall on SAP2000 or ETABS nonlinear static analysis.
標題以非線性靜力側推分析案例探討新建建物 耐震設計參數
作者周德光、葉勇凱
關鍵字 
摘要目前新建建物的設計係基於現行耐震設計規範，依據耐震需求與設定之容許韌性容量，再與反應譜結合，提供設計者最小設計水平總橫力，在構件未達到非線性階段條件下，進行彈性設計。而現行耐震評估程序係針對既有建物採用非線性側推分析，依據性能需求（如中震不壞）設定性能目標（如層間變位大小），以評估所得之性能目標地表加速度（性能目標所對應之地表加速度）與場址 475 年設計地震最大地表加速度比較，作為結構耐震能力是否足夠之依據。本文探討依最新耐震設計規範進行設計之建物，使用耐震評估之側推分析，從而比對其相關參數並加以探討。以土木 404-100「混凝土工程設計規範之應用」下冊提供之新建設計結構，進行非線性側推分析求取性能目標地表加速度，對於耐震設計規範中參數如降伏、極限水平總橫力及容量曲線顯示之韌性容量，皆比現行耐震設計規範法規需求值為高，顯示新建設計仍偏向保守。
TitleThe study of the seismic assessment parameters of a new design building by nonlinear static pushover analysis
AuthorTe-Kuang Chow, Yeong-Kae Yeh
Keywordsnew design, seismic design specification, seismic evaluation, nonlinear pushover analysis
AbstractAt present, the commonly used method for new building design is based on the current seismic design specification,according to seismic requirements and the allowable toughness capacity,which provides designers with minimum total horizontal force design level, and then combined with the response spectrum to complete the elastic design, before those structure members reach the nonlinear stage. The current seismic assessment procedures using the nonlinear pushover analysisgain the result .The result of performance target ground acceleration is used to compare with the site peak ground acceleration of design earthquake with a 475-year return period to evaluate the seismic capacity is enough or not.This article explores the parameters of their differences between the latest seismic design specifications in accordance with the building design and the use of seismic evaluation of pushover analysis.Using the Civil 404-100 as the new design case, run the nonlinear pushover analysis to gain the performance target ground acceleration.Whether initial yield lateral force or capacity curve, are higher than the current seismic design specifications. It illustrates that the current seismic design specifications has the more conservative minimum design lateral force and the toughness capacity.