第三十卷第一期 (期別117) (104年)
| 標題 | 結構設計不當可能賠償責任之探討 |
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| 作者 | 謝彥安 |
| 關鍵字 | |
| 摘要 | 工程顧問公司或技師事務所之結構設計者承接工程設計工作，並提供發包予營造廠施作，如後續工程發生瑕疵毀損，設計者是否需負民事上之損害賠償責任?我國法院如何認定有關責任?作者援引我國法院民事判決，該案法官即衡酌施工過程中之契約及有關文書、相關鑑定報告、證人證詞等事證，最終判定設計者需負20%之過失責任，應值得參考。最後，作者解析我國法院對於工程爭議發生時之可歸責性判斷方式，並提供設計者於工作進行中應注意之要點，以保障自身權益。 |
| Title | A Study on the Possible Liability of Defective Structural Design |
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| Author | Yen-An Shieh |
| Keywords | |
| Abstract | Structural designers in the engineering consultants or the professional Engineering offices design for construction by construction company. Will the designers need to bear civil compensation due to engineering defects? How the court finds responsibility? The author cites the judgment of the civil court. The judge in the case considered the contract information, appraisement report, witness’s statement and so on to judge designers with 20% responsibility. It should be worth considering. Finally, the author determines how to resolve accountability of the construction controversies in the civil court , and provides designers the considering points in work in order to protect their own rights. |
| 標題 | 挫屈束制支撐構架設計概要與工程應用 |
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| 作者 | 吳安傑、林保均、莊明介、蔡克銓 |
| 關鍵字 | 挫屈束制支撐、鋼制震裝置、等效勁度、接合板、梁柱開合效應、耐震設計、容量設計 |
| 摘要 | 挫屈束制支撐（buckling-restrained brace, BRB）可由習見之營建材料與工藝製造，利用BRB 構成的挫屈束制支撐構架（buckling-restrained braced frame, BRBF）能很經濟地提升抗震所需之勁度、強度與韌性。本文說明BRB的構造原理與設計原則，介紹常見的BRB 組成與接合類型，闡明核心消能段長度比對BRB 等效勁度及核心消能段應變量的影響。除了介紹BRBF 系統設計流程外，亦說明設計BRB 邊界梁柱構件應特別注意的細節，並提出BRB 接合板設計與破壞檢核建議。本文也介紹由國家地震工程研究中心全球首創之雲端設計軟體，利用設計實例示範本軟體在BRB 構件及接合的設計功能。最後以國內近年來10 件應用BRB 之實際工程案為例，介紹國內工程師對BRB 所制訂的品質檢核與性能驗證試驗方式，並利用其中10 組BRB 反覆載重驗證試驗結果說明BRB 應具備之受力變形行為與合格標準。 |
| Title | Seismic design and applications of buckling-restrained braced frames |
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| Author | An-Chien Wu , Ming-Chieh Chuang , Pao-Chun Lin , Keh-Chyuan Tsai |
| Keywords | buckling-restrained brace, hysteretic damper, effective stiffness, gusset connection, frame action effect, seismic design, capacity design |
| Abstract | Buckling-restrained braces (BRBs) can be conveniently fabricated using common construction materials and techniques. Buckling-restrained braced frames (BRBFs) employing BRBs offer desirable seismic resistant lateral strength, stiffness and ductility. This paper introduces the basic concept, key design principles, the various compositions and connection details of BRBs. Effects of the ratio between the BRB yield region length and the brace work point-to-work point length on the BRB axial effective stiffness, the frame yield story drift, and the BRB core strain level are illustrated. This paper discusses the design procedures of the BRBF system, the capacity design principle of the columns and beams adjacent to the BRBs. Recommendations on the design of gussets are also given. The effectiveness of an innovative cloud service, Brace on Demand (BOD), for automated design of BRBs and end connections is demonstrated. Qualifying test results of 10 practical BRBs randomly selected from recent 10 application projects are discussed to demonstrate how Taiwan engineers practice the BRB quality control for building construction projects. Acceptance criteria of the BRB qualifying tests are presented. |
| 標題 | 含組合繫筋及組合內箍筋RC柱之耐震性能 |
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| 作者 | 李台光、陳正誠 |
| 關鍵字 | 組合繫筋、組合內箍筋、RC 柱、耐震性能 |
| 摘要 | 組合繫筋為由兩支一端為180 度彎鉤另一端為直線的J 形鋼筋搭接組合而成；組合內箍筋為由兩支U 形鋼筋搭接組合而成。本研究完成4 支大尺寸鋼筋混凝土柱試體之反復側向載重試驗，探討含組合繫筋及組合內箍筋柱之耐震性能。研究結果顯示：(1)含組合繫筋及組合內箍筋試體之韌性，明顯比含傳統繫筋之試體優異，也比含兩端皆為180 度彎鉤一體繫筋之試體佳；(2)組合繫筋及組合內箍筋的施工性佳，尤其是組合繫筋不但施工簡便且施工誤差可降到很低，可以明顯提升RC 柱鋼筋之施工品質及RC 結構之耐震性能；(3)組合繫筋及組合內箍筋以鋼筋拉力搭接組合而成，本文提供滿足搭接長度需求所需之最小柱尺寸，方便工程實務應用。 |
| Title | The seismic performance of reinforced concrete columns using the lap-spliced crosstie and lap-spliced inner hoop |
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| Author | Tai-Kuang Lee , Cheng-Cheng Chen |
| Keywords | lap-spliced crosstie, lap-spliced inner hoop, RC columns, seismic performance |
| Abstract | A lap-spliced crosstie consists of two J- shaped steel bars (rebars) that have a straight end and an end featuring a 180° hook. A lap-spliced inner hoop is the lap splice of two U-bars. In this study, a lateral cyclic load test was conducted on four specimens of large-sized reinforced concrete (RC) columns to investigate the seismic resistance capability of RC columns comprising lap-spliced crossties and lap-spliced i nner hoops. The research results are presented as follows: (a) The ductility of the specimens that adopted the lap-spliced crossties and lap-spliced inne r hoops was significantly superior to that of the specimens using conventional crossties and crossties featuring a 180° hook on the two ends. (b) The constructability of the lap-spliced crossties and lap-spliced inner hoops was satisfactory. In particular, using lap-spliced crossties in construction is easy and pr oduces a low possibility of construction errors. Therefore, the construction qua lity of RC column reinforcement and the seismic resistance capability of RC structures can be substantially increased. (c) The lap-spliced crosstie and lap-spliced inner hoop were formed on the basis of the tension lap splice of rebars. The column size used in this study fulfilled the minimum column size requirement fo r lap splice and can therefore be conveniently applied in engineering practices. |
| 標題 | 救災用鋼與玻璃纖維複合材料非對稱斜張橋之研究與開發 |
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| 作者 | 宋裕祺、葉芳耀、洪曉慧、張國鎮、尹世洵、邱毅宗、許哲愷、李政寬、周中哲、劉楨業、莊瑞彰、潘威佑 |
| 關鍵字 | 救災用複合材料橋梁、非對稱斜張橋、輕量化、易組裝與可重覆使用橋梁 |
| 摘要 | 為避免洪災或地震引致橋梁損毀，造成某些地區因聯外道路中斷而形成孤島，如何研提一適合的橋梁形式，能在短暫時間內以有限的人力、機具組裝完成且可重複拆解使用，以符合臨時搶救災之功能，實屬重要。本文研擬應用複合纖維材料於輕量化救災橋梁之規劃、分析、設計與快速組裝，採用非對稱跨徑(12m + 20 m)之單塔自錨式複合斜張橋，設計目標為可通行五噸載貨小卡車與具備快速搭建、拆卸與可重複使用之功能。本文所研提輕量化救災橋梁之組裝係以全程模擬處於受災現場為基準，採用懸臂施工且須於8 小時內架設完成，並且經由現地載重實驗顯示設計橋型與組裝規劃均屬可行。最後根據有限元素法建構輕便橋實體模型，詳細模擬玻璃纖維複合材料之疊層性質與行為，並與實驗結果進行比對。相關研究成果冀能在緊急災害發生時，讓救災人員、救援物資於短時間內快速搶進至受災地區，以降低災害帶來的損失，發揮最大的救援效果。 |
| Title | Research and development on steel-GFRP composite asymmetric cable-stayed bridge for emergency disaster relief |
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| Author | Yu-Chi Sung ,Fang-Yao Yeh ,Hsiao-Hui Hung ,Kuo-Chun Chang ,Shih-Hsun Yin, Yi-Tsung Chiu, Che-Kai Hsu, Zheng-kuan Lee, Chung-Che Chou, Tony C. Liu, Jui-Chang Chuang, Wei-Yiu Pan |
| Keywords | Composite bridge for emergency disaster relief, asymmetric cable-stayed bridge, lightweight, portable, and reusable bridge |
| Abstract | Owing to recent extreme climates, typhoons, floods, and earthquakes have become large natural disaster threats in Taiwan over the years. Such natural disasters have caused damage to some bridges, consequently isolating residential communities located on mountains, and hampering the ability to delivery emergency relief supplies to those communities. In order to provide quick emergency relief, the simple construction of a temporary bridge becomes critical for the transportation of food an d medical supplies into the emergency disaster areas. While composite materials for footbridges and vehicular traffic applications have been widely used overseas, they are not suitable for disaster relief applications. The objective of this paper is to present a novel bridge structure for a portable, reusable, and lightweight bridge. This paper focuses on the analysis, design, and experimental verification of a temporary composite bridge for disaster relief. To provide safe traffic diversion, this paper designs and constructs a cable-stayed bridge with 20 m main span by using fiber reinforced polymer material, the bridge can be constructed in 8 hours and can hold 5-ton trucks. After construction, a series of tests were conducted to verify the fact that the bridge can conform to the design purpose. In addition, these tests were numerically simulated by finite element analysis software ANSYS, and make a comparison between experimental and numerical results to investigate the accuracy of numerical modeling of the bridge. Ultimately, it advocates composite bridges for disaster relief applications. |
| 標題 | 半圓頂型屋蓋結構表面平均風壓後數設計值之探討 |
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| 作者 | 羅元隆、孫濤、李家豪、鄭啟明 |
| 關鍵字 | 半圓頂型屋蓋結構、表面風壓係數、高跨比、分區 |
| 摘要 | 大跨徑屋蓋結構為現今社會常見的結構型態之一，具有大空間且多功能的特性。依照我國建築物耐風設計規範中定義，此類結構物高寬比多偏小，應可歸類為低矮建物。然而由於跨度大且材質輕的特性，屋蓋表面受風壓分佈影響甚鉅，一般不建議以簡易計算方式給定設計風力載重，而另行於規範中表列其表面風壓係數設計值提供給工程師參考。本研究進行以探討各國規範於大跨徑屋蓋結構中，半圓頂型屋蓋結構表面平均風壓係數的設計值為主，輔以風洞實驗結果，進而探討目前國內規範應對於此類結構型態之表面風壓係數設計值作何修正或建議，並提出本研究於未來規範修訂之建議方案。由初步的風洞實驗結果與各國規範設計值之比較可看出，除了表面風壓特性應具有分區概念(Zoning concept)以外，屋蓋結構的高跨比(f/D)與底座高跨比(h/D)對於分區之影響亦應列入規範修訂考量。 |
| Title | Design Values of Mean Pressure Coefficients for Domed Roofs |
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| Author | Yuan-Lung Lo, Tao Sun, Chia-Hao Lee, Chii-Ming Cheng |
| Keywords | Domed roof, External pressure coefficient, Height-span ratio, Zoning |
| Abstract | Large span roof structures are one of the most welcomed structural types for its spatial feature and multi-functional performance. Most of them are categorized as low-rise buildings; however, its light-weight and long span characteristics make wind pressures dominate the subsequent structural response and make the wind load evaluation a difficult task. The simplified methodology of design wind loads may not be adoptable. In this research, systematic wind tunnel tests and several codes were compared and discussed on the domed roof structures, which is one category of large span roof structures. It was demonstrated that the design values in several codes may cause over conservative or unfavorable unsafe design in certain local area of the roof surface. Based on wind tunnel data, this research proposed a suggestive flowchart to evaluate the mean wind pressure coefficients in terms of span height ratio (f/D) and wall height ratio (h/D). |